TY - JOUR
T1 - Determination of Alkylphenols in Atmospheric Fine Particulates in Taiyuan and Guangzhou based on atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
AU - Wang, Fangjie
AU - Chen, Xiaoning
AU - Li, Huichen
AU - Huang, Bowen
AU - He, Yu
AU - Cai, Zongwei
N1 - This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22276034, 22036001). The authors are grateful to the Waters Corporation for providing the instrument required for APGC, which was necessary to complete this study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/9/15
Y1 - 2023/9/15
N2 - The interest in the contaminants in PM2.51 (PMs with a diameter of <2.5 μm) has increased because of its potential adverse effects on human health. In this study, seven alkylphenols (APs), which are a typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), were measured by atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS). The methods were successfully applied to analyze the PM2.5 samples collected from Taiyuan and Guangzhou. The total concentration of seven APs was 700.58 pg m−3 in Guangzhou and 916.12 pg m−3 in Taiyuan. The dominant PM2.5-bound APs were 4-pentylphenol (4-PeP), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and 2-6-di-tert-butyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (BHT-OH). Meanwhile, a higher concentration of APs was observed in Taiyuan during spring and winter, according with obvious seasonal variation. The presence of APs in air samples from Guangzhou was primarily attributed to human activities. Furthermore, estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of APs via ambient inhalation were calculated for different age groups to evaluate human exposure risk, which revealed that the worst-case EDI for children was 61.29 pg kgbw−1 day−1, indicating that the presence of APs in the atmospheric environment should not be underestimated.
AB - The interest in the contaminants in PM2.51 (PMs with a diameter of <2.5 μm) has increased because of its potential adverse effects on human health. In this study, seven alkylphenols (APs), which are a typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), were measured by atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS). The methods were successfully applied to analyze the PM2.5 samples collected from Taiyuan and Guangzhou. The total concentration of seven APs was 700.58 pg m−3 in Guangzhou and 916.12 pg m−3 in Taiyuan. The dominant PM2.5-bound APs were 4-pentylphenol (4-PeP), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and 2-6-di-tert-butyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (BHT-OH). Meanwhile, a higher concentration of APs was observed in Taiyuan during spring and winter, according with obvious seasonal variation. The presence of APs in air samples from Guangzhou was primarily attributed to human activities. Furthermore, estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of APs via ambient inhalation were calculated for different age groups to evaluate human exposure risk, which revealed that the worst-case EDI for children was 61.29 pg kgbw−1 day−1, indicating that the presence of APs in the atmospheric environment should not be underestimated.
KW - Alkylphenols
KW - Atmospheric pressure gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS)
KW - Contamination profile
KW - Health risk assessment
KW - PM2.5
KW - Pollution characteristic
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163928027&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119928
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119928
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85163928027
SN - 1352-2310
VL - 309
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
M1 - 119928
ER -
