Decoupling the Class Label and the Target Concept in Machine Unlearning

Machine unlearning as an emerging research topic for data regulations, aims to adjust a trained model to approximate a retrained one that excludes a portion of training data. Previous studies showed that class-wise unlearning is effective in forgetting the knowledge of target data, either through gradient ascent on the forgetting data or fine-tuning with the remaining data. However, while these methods are useful, they are insufficient as the class label and the target concept are often considered to coincide. In this work, we expand the scope by considering the label domain mismatch and investigate three problems beyond the conventional all matched forgetting, e.g., target mismatch, model mismatch, and data mismatch forgetting. We systematically analyze the new challenges in restrictively forgetting the target concept and also reveal crucial forgetting dynamics in the representation level to realize these tasks. Based on that, we propose a general framework, namely, TARget-aware Forgetting (TARF). It enables the additional tasks to actively forget the target concept while maintaining the rest part, by simultaneously conducting annealed gradient ascent on the forgetting data and selected gradient descent on the hard-to-affect remaining data. Empirically, various experiments under our newly introduced settings are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our TARF. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/tmlr-group/TARF.