Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures

Michael Harris Bond; Kwok Leung; Al Au; Kwok Kit Tong; Sharon Reimel De Carrasquel; Fumio Murakami; Susumu Yamaguchi; Günter Bierbrauer; Theodore M. Singelis; Markus Broer; Filip Boen; Sophie M. Lambert; Maria Cristina Ferreira; Kimberly A. Noels; Jay Van Bavel; Saba Safdar; Jianxin Zhang; Lina Chen; Iva Solcova; Iva Stetovska; Toomas Niit; Kaisa Kitri Niit; Helena Hurme; Mia Böling; Vijé Franchi; Guguli Magradze; Nino Javakhishvili; Klaus Boehnke; Edgar Klinger; Xu Huang; Marta Fulop; Mihaly Berkics; Penny Panagiotopoulou; Sujata Sriram; Nandita Chaudhary; Anjali Ghosh; Neharika Vohra; Dien Fakhri Iqbal; Jenny Kurman; Ram David Thein; Anna Laura Comunian; Kyung Ae Son; Ivars Austers; Charles Harb; Joseph O. T. Odusanya; Zainal A. Ahmed; Rosnah Ismail; Fons Van DeVijver; Colleen Ward; Andrew Mogaji; David Lackland Sam; Muhammad Jahan Zeb Khan; William E. Cabanillas; Ly Sycip; Félix Neto; Rosa Cabecinhas; Paulo Xavier; Margareta Dinca; Nadezhda Lebedeva; Andrianna Viskochil; Oksana Ponomareva; Steven Michael Burgess; Luis Oceja; Silvia Campo; Kwang Kuo Hwang; June Bernadette D'Souza; Bilge Ataca; Adrian Furnham; J. Rees Lewis

doi:10.1177/0022022104268388

Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures

Michael Harris Bond^*, Kwok Leung, Al Au, Kwok Kit Tong, Sharon Reimel De Carrasquel, Fumio Murakami, Susumu Yamaguchi, Günter Bierbrauer, Theodore M. Singelis, Markus Broer, Filip Boen, Sophie M. Lambert, Maria Cristina Ferreira, Kimberly A. Noels, Jay Van Bavel, Saba Safdar, Jianxin Zhang, Lina Chen, Iva Solcova, Iva StetovskaToomas Niit, Kaisa Kitri Niit, Helena Hurme, Mia Böling, Vijé Franchi, Guguli Magradze, Nino Javakhishvili, Klaus Boehnke, Edgar Klinger, Xu Huang, Marta Fulop, Mihaly Berkics, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Sujata Sriram, Nandita Chaudhary, Anjali Ghosh, Neharika Vohra, Dien Fakhri Iqbal, Jenny Kurman, Ram David Thein, Anna Laura Comunian, Kyung Ae Son, Ivars Austers, Charles Harb, Joseph O. T. Odusanya, Zainal A. Ahmed, Rosnah Ismail, Fons Van DeVijver, Colleen Ward, Andrew Mogaji, David Lackland Sam, Muhammad Jahan Zeb Khan, William E. Cabanillas, Ly Sycip, Félix Neto, Rosa Cabecinhas, Paulo Xavier, Margareta Dinca, Nadezhda Lebedeva, Andrianna Viskochil, Oksana Ponomareva, Steven Michael Burgess, Luis Oceja, Silvia Campo, Kwang Kuo Hwang, June Bernadette D'Souza, Bilge Ataca, Adrian Furnham, J. Rees Lewis

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Management, Marketing and Information Systems

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

337 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	548-570
Number of pages	23
Journal	Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Volume	35
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022104268388
Publication status	Published - Sept 2004

Scopus Subject Areas

Social Psychology
Cultural Studies
Anthropology

User-Defined Keywords

Cultural dimensions
Dynamic externality
Social axioms
Societal cynicism

Access to Document

10.1177/0022022104268388

Cite this

Bond, M. H., Leung, K., Au, A., Tong, K. K., De Carrasquel, S. R., Murakami, F., Yamaguchi, S., Bierbrauer, G., Singelis, T. M., Broer, M., Boen, F., Lambert, S. M., Ferreira, M. C., Noels, K. A., Van Bavel, J., Safdar, S., Zhang, J., Chen, L., Solcova, I., ... Lewis, J. R. (2004). Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(5), 548-570. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022104268388

@article{bd00e50d09d5464ea96068925821d4ae,

title = "Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures",

abstract = "Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.",

keywords = "Cultural dimensions, Dynamic externality, Social axioms, Societal cynicism",

author = "Bond, {Michael Harris} and Kwok Leung and Al Au and Tong, {Kwok Kit} and {De Carrasquel}, {Sharon Reimel} and Fumio Murakami and Susumu Yamaguchi and G{\"u}nter Bierbrauer and Singelis, {Theodore M.} and Markus Broer and Filip Boen and Lambert, {Sophie M.} and Ferreira, {Maria Cristina} and Noels, {Kimberly A.} and {Van Bavel}, Jay and Saba Safdar and Jianxin Zhang and Lina Chen and Iva Solcova and Iva Stetovska and Toomas Niit and Niit, {Kaisa Kitri} and Helena Hurme and Mia B{\"o}ling and Vij{\'e} Franchi and Guguli Magradze and Nino Javakhishvili and Klaus Boehnke and Edgar Klinger and Xu Huang and Marta Fulop and Mihaly Berkics and Penny Panagiotopoulou and Sujata Sriram and Nandita Chaudhary and Anjali Ghosh and Neharika Vohra and Iqbal, {Dien Fakhri} and Jenny Kurman and Thein, {Ram David} and Comunian, {Anna Laura} and Son, {Kyung Ae} and Ivars Austers and Charles Harb and Odusanya, {Joseph O. T.} and Ahmed, {Zainal A.} and Rosnah Ismail and {Van DeVijver}, Fons and Colleen Ward and Andrew Mogaji and Sam, {David Lackland} and Khan, {Muhammad Jahan Zeb} and Cabanillas, {William E.} and Ly Sycip and F{\'e}lix Neto and Rosa Cabecinhas and Paulo Xavier and Margareta Dinca and Nadezhda Lebedeva and Andrianna Viskochil and Oksana Ponomareva and Burgess, {Steven Michael} and Luis Oceja and Silvia Campo and Hwang, {Kwang Kuo} and D'Souza, {June Bernadette} and Bilge Ataca and Adrian Furnham and Lewis, {J. Rees}",

note = "Publisher copyright: {\textcopyright} 2004 Western Washington University",

year = "2004",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1177/0022022104268388",

language = "English",

volume = "35",

pages = "548--570",

journal = "Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology",

issn = "0022-0221",

publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",

number = "5",

}

Bond, MH, Leung, K, Au, A, Tong, KK, De Carrasquel, SR, Murakami, F, Yamaguchi, S, Bierbrauer, G, Singelis, TM, Broer, M, Boen, F, Lambert, SM, Ferreira, MC, Noels, KA, Van Bavel, J, Safdar, S, Zhang, J, Chen, L, Solcova, I, Stetovska, I, Niit, T, Niit, KK, Hurme, H, Böling, M, Franchi, V, Magradze, G, Javakhishvili, N, Boehnke, K, Klinger, E, Huang, X, Fulop, M, Berkics, M, Panagiotopoulou, P, Sriram, S, Chaudhary, N, Ghosh, A, Vohra, N, Iqbal, DF, Kurman, J, Thein, RD, Comunian, AL, Son, KA, Austers, I, Harb, C, Odusanya, JOT, Ahmed, ZA, Ismail, R, Van DeVijver, F, Ward, C, Mogaji, A, Sam, DL, Khan, MJZ, Cabanillas, WE, Sycip, L, Neto, F, Cabecinhas, R, Xavier, P, Dinca, M, Lebedeva, N, Viskochil, A, Ponomareva, O, Burgess, SM, Oceja, L, Campo, S, Hwang, KK, D'Souza, JB, Ataca, B, Furnham, A & Lewis, JR 2004, 'Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures', Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 548-570. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022104268388

TY - JOUR

T1 - Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures

AU - Bond, Michael Harris

AU - Leung, Kwok

AU - Au, Al

AU - Tong, Kwok Kit

AU - De Carrasquel, Sharon Reimel

AU - Murakami, Fumio

AU - Yamaguchi, Susumu

AU - Bierbrauer, Günter

AU - Singelis, Theodore M.

AU - Broer, Markus

AU - Boen, Filip

AU - Lambert, Sophie M.

AU - Ferreira, Maria Cristina

AU - Noels, Kimberly A.

AU - Van Bavel, Jay

AU - Safdar, Saba

AU - Zhang, Jianxin

AU - Chen, Lina

AU - Solcova, Iva

AU - Stetovska, Iva

AU - Niit, Toomas

AU - Niit, Kaisa Kitri

AU - Hurme, Helena

AU - Böling, Mia

AU - Franchi, Vijé

AU - Magradze, Guguli

AU - Javakhishvili, Nino

AU - Boehnke, Klaus

AU - Klinger, Edgar

AU - Huang, Xu

AU - Fulop, Marta

AU - Berkics, Mihaly

AU - Panagiotopoulou, Penny

AU - Sriram, Sujata

AU - Chaudhary, Nandita

AU - Ghosh, Anjali

AU - Vohra, Neharika

AU - Iqbal, Dien Fakhri

AU - Kurman, Jenny

AU - Thein, Ram David

AU - Comunian, Anna Laura

AU - Son, Kyung Ae

AU - Austers, Ivars

AU - Harb, Charles

AU - Odusanya, Joseph O. T.

AU - Ahmed, Zainal A.

AU - Ismail, Rosnah

AU - Van DeVijver, Fons

AU - Ward, Colleen

AU - Mogaji, Andrew

AU - Sam, David Lackland

AU - Khan, Muhammad Jahan Zeb

AU - Cabanillas, William E.

AU - Sycip, Ly

AU - Neto, Félix

AU - Cabecinhas, Rosa

AU - Xavier, Paulo

AU - Dinca, Margareta

AU - Lebedeva, Nadezhda

AU - Viskochil, Andrianna

AU - Ponomareva, Oksana

AU - Burgess, Steven Michael

AU - Oceja, Luis

AU - Campo, Silvia

AU - Hwang, Kwang Kuo

AU - D'Souza, June Bernadette

AU - Ataca, Bilge

AU - Furnham, Adrian

AU - Lewis, J. Rees

PY - 2004/9

Y1 - 2004/9

N2 - Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.

AB - Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.

KW - Cultural dimensions

KW - Dynamic externality

KW - Social axioms

KW - Societal cynicism

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=4344605786&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1177/0022022104268388

DO - 10.1177/0022022104268388

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:4344605786

SN - 0022-0221

VL - 35

SP - 548

EP - 570

JO - Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

JF - Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

IS - 5

ER -

Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures

Abstract

Scopus Subject Areas

User-Defined Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this