Constructing new n-type, ambipolar, and p-type aggregation-induced blue luminogens by gradually tuning the proportion of tetrahphenylethene and diphenylphophine oxide

By gradually adjusting the proportion of tetraphenylethene (TPE) and phosphine oxide (PO), the series of n-type, ambipolar, and p-type aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens (E,Z)-((1,2-diphenylethene-1,2- diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(diphenylphosphine oxide) (TPEDPO), diphenyl(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TPEPO), phenylbis(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (DTPEPO), and tris(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TTPEPO) were developed for the first time. Their optical and electronic properties and AIE characteristics were investigated carefully. Time-resolved spectra indicate that the transient fluorescence decay lifetimes of aggregation-induced blue luminogens change regularly with the aggregation degree in THF/water solution. Particularly, identical electron and hole mobilities (∼2.3 × 10 ^-4 cm² V^-1 s^-1) can be realized when the TPE/PO ratio is 1:1. In electroluminesent (EL) devices, the sky-blue-doped device based on TPEPO was found to exhibit a low turn-on voltage of 2.8 V, a maximum luminance (L_max) of 8656 cd m^-2, a maximum current efficiency (η_C,max) of 9.32 cd A^-1, and a maximum power efficiency (η_P,max) of 10.23 lm W^-1.