Connecting the Nation and individuals: Scout uniforms in Republican China

This study examines the functions and ideology of the Chinese Scout uniform during the Republican period (1912–1949). It begins by identifying four issues related to the British influence on Chinese Scout uniforms in early Republican China, which demonstrate efforts to integrate foreign and local cultures. By analysing the regulations and standards governing Chinese Scout uniforms, this research sheds light on the topics of children, childhood, education, and national identity during the Republican era. The Scout uniform was designed to establish a distinct identity among Chinese Scouts, fostering a sense of pride and integrity. Additionally, the Scout uniform’s unification and standardisation aimed to promote teamwork, with accessories like ribbons, badges, stars, and neckers effectively managing and categorizing Scouts. Equally significant was its political function. Regardless of the organisation responsible for Scouting in China at a given time, whether local Scout associations or the Kuomintang, patriotic commitment and national respect were equally emphasised. However, the Kuomintang placed greater emphasis on shaping Scouts’ minds and bodies for political purposes. This study enhances the understanding of how the Scout uniform connected the nation and individuals, influenced the development and organisation of the Scouts, and contributed to youth discipline in Republican China.