Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse

Bicheng Liu; Bishenghui Tao; Hong-Ning Dai

doi:10.1109/MetaCom57706.2023.00057

Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse

Bicheng Liu^*, Bishenghui Tao, Hong-Ning Dai

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Computer Science

Research output: Chapter in book/report/conference proceeding › Conference proceeding › peer-review

Abstract

In the emerging metaverse ecosystem, blockchain is an enabling technology to ensure trustworthy transactions among metaverse virtual/real entities. However, existing blockchains suffer from their performance limitation. Payment channel networks have been emerging as a solution to dispel the performance curse of blockchains by executing transactions via a privacy channel maintained between entities. In this paper, we conduct complex network analysis on blockchain payment channel networks (PCNs). We consider two typical PCNs: the Ripple and Lightning networks as representatives. We analyze the Ripple and Lightning network from the perspectives of degree distribution, word-cloud analysis, small-world phenomenon, connected components, betweenness and closeness, and the rich-club phenomenon. We obtain some important implications through the complex network analysis, such as the scale-free phenomenon the small-world phenomenon, and the non-rich-club effect of the two typical PCNs. Such findings will contribute to future in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of blockchain PCNs and provide guidelines for designing efficient scheduling schemes for PCNs to support diverse metaverse applications.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023
Publisher	IEEE
Pages	274-280
Number of pages	7
Edition	1st
ISBN (Electronic)	9798350333336
ISBN (Print)	9798350333343
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/MetaCom57706.2023.00057
Publication status	Published - 26 Jun 2023
Event	2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023 - Kyoto, Japan Duration: 26 Jun 2023 → 28 Jun 2023 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/10271705/proceeding (Conference proceeding)

Publication series

Name	Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom
Publisher	IEEE

Conference

Conference	2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023
Country/Territory	Japan
City	Kyoto
Period	26/06/23 → 28/06/23
Internet address	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/10271705/proceeding (Conference proceeding)

Scopus Subject Areas

Computer Science Applications
Information Systems
Information Systems and Management
Media Technology
Computer Networks and Communications

User-Defined Keywords

Metaverse
Payment Channel Network
Ripple
Lightning
Complex Network Analysis

Access to Document

10.1109/MetaCom57706.2023.00057

Cite this

Liu, B., Tao, B., & Dai, H.-N. (2023). Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse. In Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023 (1st ed., pp. 274-280). (Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/MetaCom57706.2023.00057

Liu, Bicheng ; Tao, Bishenghui ; Dai, Hong-Ning. / Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse. Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023. 1st. ed. IEEE, 2023. pp. 274-280 (Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom).

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title = "Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse",

abstract = "In the emerging metaverse ecosystem, blockchain is an enabling technology to ensure trustworthy transactions among metaverse virtual/real entities. However, existing blockchains suffer from their performance limitation. Payment channel networks have been emerging as a solution to dispel the performance curse of blockchains by executing transactions via a privacy channel maintained between entities. In this paper, we conduct complex network analysis on blockchain payment channel networks (PCNs). We consider two typical PCNs: the Ripple and Lightning networks as representatives. We analyze the Ripple and Lightning network from the perspectives of degree distribution, word-cloud analysis, small-world phenomenon, connected components, betweenness and closeness, and the rich-club phenomenon. We obtain some important implications through the complex network analysis, such as the scale-free phenomenon the small-world phenomenon, and the non-rich-club effect of the two typical PCNs. Such findings will contribute to future in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of blockchain PCNs and provide guidelines for designing efficient scheduling schemes for PCNs to support diverse metaverse applications.",

keywords = "Metaverse, Payment Channel Network, Ripple, Lightning, Complex Network Analysis",

author = "Bicheng Liu and Bishenghui Tao and Hong-Ning Dai",

note = "Funding Information: The work described in this paper was partially supported by Macao Science and Technology Development Fund under Macao Funding Scheme for Key R & D Projects (0025/2019/AKP), and the COMP Department Start-up Fund of Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 IEEE.; 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023 ; Conference date: 26-06-2023 Through 28-06-2023",

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Liu, B, Tao, B & Dai, H-N 2023, Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse. in Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023. 1st edn, Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom, IEEE, pp. 274-280, 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023, Kyoto, Japan, 26/06/23. https://doi.org/10.1109/MetaCom57706.2023.00057

Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse. / Liu, Bicheng; Tao, Bishenghui; Dai, Hong-Ning.
Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023. 1st. ed. IEEE, 2023. p. 274-280 (Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom).

Research output: Chapter in book/report/conference proceeding › Conference proceeding › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse

AU - Liu, Bicheng

AU - Tao, Bishenghui

AU - Dai, Hong-Ning

N1 - Funding Information: The work described in this paper was partially supported by Macao Science and Technology Development Fund under Macao Funding Scheme for Key R & D Projects (0025/2019/AKP), and the COMP Department Start-up Fund of Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 IEEE.

PY - 2023/6/26

Y1 - 2023/6/26

N2 - In the emerging metaverse ecosystem, blockchain is an enabling technology to ensure trustworthy transactions among metaverse virtual/real entities. However, existing blockchains suffer from their performance limitation. Payment channel networks have been emerging as a solution to dispel the performance curse of blockchains by executing transactions via a privacy channel maintained between entities. In this paper, we conduct complex network analysis on blockchain payment channel networks (PCNs). We consider two typical PCNs: the Ripple and Lightning networks as representatives. We analyze the Ripple and Lightning network from the perspectives of degree distribution, word-cloud analysis, small-world phenomenon, connected components, betweenness and closeness, and the rich-club phenomenon. We obtain some important implications through the complex network analysis, such as the scale-free phenomenon the small-world phenomenon, and the non-rich-club effect of the two typical PCNs. Such findings will contribute to future in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of blockchain PCNs and provide guidelines for designing efficient scheduling schemes for PCNs to support diverse metaverse applications.

AB - In the emerging metaverse ecosystem, blockchain is an enabling technology to ensure trustworthy transactions among metaverse virtual/real entities. However, existing blockchains suffer from their performance limitation. Payment channel networks have been emerging as a solution to dispel the performance curse of blockchains by executing transactions via a privacy channel maintained between entities. In this paper, we conduct complex network analysis on blockchain payment channel networks (PCNs). We consider two typical PCNs: the Ripple and Lightning networks as representatives. We analyze the Ripple and Lightning network from the perspectives of degree distribution, word-cloud analysis, small-world phenomenon, connected components, betweenness and closeness, and the rich-club phenomenon. We obtain some important implications through the complex network analysis, such as the scale-free phenomenon the small-world phenomenon, and the non-rich-club effect of the two typical PCNs. Such findings will contribute to future in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of blockchain PCNs and provide guidelines for designing efficient scheduling schemes for PCNs to support diverse metaverse applications.

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KW - Payment Channel Network

KW - Ripple

KW - Lightning

KW - Complex Network Analysis

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SN - 9798350333343

T3 - Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom

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BT - Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023

PB - IEEE

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Liu B, Tao B, Dai HN. Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse. In Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2023. 1st ed. IEEE. 2023. p. 274-280. (Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom). doi: 10.1109/MetaCom57706.2023.00057

Complex Network Analysis on Blockchain Payment Channel Networks for Metaverse

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