TY - JOUR
T1 - Chronic Exposure to Climbazole Induces Oxidative Stress and Sex Hormone Imbalance in the Testes of Male Zebrafish
AU - Liao, Xiao Liang
AU - Chen, Zhi Feng
AU - Zou, Ting
AU - Lin, Zhi Cheng
AU - Chen, Xiao Fan
AU - Wang, Yujie
AU - Qi, Zenghua
AU - Cai, Zongwei
N1 - The present study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42177254 and 21507163), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety (2019B030301008), and Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2020B1212030008).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Chemical Society
PY - 2021/12/20
Y1 - 2021/12/20
N2 - As the main active ingredient for the treatment of fungal infections, climbazole (CBZ) is commonly used in a variety of personal care products. After its use, CBZ enters the receiving environment directly or indirectly through domestic sewage. Its concentration can be up to several nanograms per liter in surface water. So far, the effects of CBZ on the reproductive system of female zebrafish have been systematically studied, but the potential toxicity mechanism of CBZ on male zebrafish still needs to be further explored. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to CBZ at concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg·L–1 for 28 days, and their testes were collected for histological, mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics, and biochemical analyses. We found that CBZ caused a significantly abnormal metabolism of purine and glutathione and triggered oxidative stress in zebrafish testes, thereby inducing testicular cell apoptosis. In addition, CBZ could inhibit the synthesis of essential sex hormones in the testis and thus reduce the sperm production. The conclusions of this study fill the data gap on the reproductive toxicity of CBZ to male zebrafish and highlight the ecotoxicological application of untargeted metabolomics in the biomarker discovery.
AB - As the main active ingredient for the treatment of fungal infections, climbazole (CBZ) is commonly used in a variety of personal care products. After its use, CBZ enters the receiving environment directly or indirectly through domestic sewage. Its concentration can be up to several nanograms per liter in surface water. So far, the effects of CBZ on the reproductive system of female zebrafish have been systematically studied, but the potential toxicity mechanism of CBZ on male zebrafish still needs to be further explored. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to CBZ at concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg·L–1 for 28 days, and their testes were collected for histological, mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics, and biochemical analyses. We found that CBZ caused a significantly abnormal metabolism of purine and glutathione and triggered oxidative stress in zebrafish testes, thereby inducing testicular cell apoptosis. In addition, CBZ could inhibit the synthesis of essential sex hormones in the testis and thus reduce the sperm production. The conclusions of this study fill the data gap on the reproductive toxicity of CBZ to male zebrafish and highlight the ecotoxicological application of untargeted metabolomics in the biomarker discovery.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121126127&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00326
DO - 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00326
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34874164
AN - SCOPUS:85121126127
SN - 0893-228X
VL - 34
SP - 2558
EP - 2566
JO - Chemical Research in Toxicology
JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology
IS - 12
ER -
