TY - JOUR
T1 - Chiral Ligand-Free, Optically Active Nanoparticles Inherently Composed of Chiral Lattices at the Atomic Scale
AU - Yang, Lin
AU - Liu, Junjun
AU - Sun, Peng
AU - Ni, Ziyue
AU - Ma, Yicong
AU - Huang, Jeffery
N1 - Funding Information:
L.Y., J.L., and P.S. contributed equally to this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by NSFC/91856127, GRF/12200118, and SKLP_1920_P06.
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - Bulk metals lack chirality. Recently, metals have been sculptured with metastable chirality varying from the micro- to nano-scale. The manipulation of molecular chirality could be novelly performed using metals composed of chiral lattices at atomic scales (i.e., chiral nanoparticles or CNPs) if one could fundamentally understand the interactions between molecules and the chiral metal lattices. The incorporation of chiral ligands has been generally adapted to form metal CNPs. However, post-fabrication removal of chiral ligands usually causes relaxation of the metastable chiral lattices to thermodynamically stable achiral structures, and thus the coexisting chiral ligands will unavoidably disturb or screen the interactions of interest. Herein, a concept of metal CNPs that are free of chiral ligands and consist of atomically chiral lattices is introduced. Without chiral ligands, shear forces applied by substrate rotation along with the translation of incident atoms lead to imposing the metastable chiral lattices onto metals. Metal CNPs show not only the chiroptical effect but the enantiospecific interactions of chiral lattices and molecules. These two unique chiral effects have resulted in the applications of enantiodifferentiation and asymmetric synthesis. Prospectively, the extension in composition space and constituent engineering will apply alloy CNPs to enantiodiscrimination, enantioseperation, bio-imaging, bio-sensing, and asymmetric catalysis.
AB - Bulk metals lack chirality. Recently, metals have been sculptured with metastable chirality varying from the micro- to nano-scale. The manipulation of molecular chirality could be novelly performed using metals composed of chiral lattices at atomic scales (i.e., chiral nanoparticles or CNPs) if one could fundamentally understand the interactions between molecules and the chiral metal lattices. The incorporation of chiral ligands has been generally adapted to form metal CNPs. However, post-fabrication removal of chiral ligands usually causes relaxation of the metastable chiral lattices to thermodynamically stable achiral structures, and thus the coexisting chiral ligands will unavoidably disturb or screen the interactions of interest. Herein, a concept of metal CNPs that are free of chiral ligands and consist of atomically chiral lattices is introduced. Without chiral ligands, shear forces applied by substrate rotation along with the translation of incident atoms lead to imposing the metastable chiral lattices onto metals. Metal CNPs show not only the chiroptical effect but the enantiospecific interactions of chiral lattices and molecules. These two unique chiral effects have resulted in the applications of enantiodifferentiation and asymmetric synthesis. Prospectively, the extension in composition space and constituent engineering will apply alloy CNPs to enantiodiscrimination, enantioseperation, bio-imaging, bio-sensing, and asymmetric catalysis.
KW - chiral lattices
KW - chiral nanoparticles
KW - circular dichroism
KW - glancing angle deposition
KW - optical activity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084861266&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/smll.202001473
DO - 10.1002/smll.202001473
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32419372
AN - SCOPUS:85084861266
SN - 1613-6810
VL - 16
JO - Small
JF - Small
IS - 24
M1 - 2001473
ER -