Centralization or diversification? Artificial intelligence application and supply chain configuration in hospitality enterprises

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated into hospitality operations, yet its role in shaping supply chain configuration remains insufficiently understood. Using data from 144 hospitality and hospitality-related enterprises listed on China's A-share market (2001–2023), this study examines how AI adoption influences supply chain concentration and diversification. The results show that 1) AI application can significantly reduce the concentration of hospitality supply chain, promoting diversification of supply chain configuration; 2) AI application reduces supply chain concentration by improving labor productivity, total factor productivity, and cost efficiency; 3) Opportunistic risks and systemic risks moderate the impact of AI application on the diversification of supply chain configuration. The findings provide new insights for optimizing digital technology strategies and enhancing competitive development in the hospitality industry.