Capacity estimation for vehicle-to-grid frequency regulation services with smart charging mechanism

Albert Y.S. Lam, Ka Cheong Leung, Victor O.K. Li

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articlepeer-review

180 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Due to various green initiatives, renewable energy will be massively incorporated into the future smart grid. However, the intermittency of the renewables may result in power imbalance, thus adversely affecting the stability of a power system. Frequency regulation may be used to maintain the power balance at all times. As electric vehicles (EVs) become popular, they may be connected to the grid to form a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system. An aggregation of EVs can be coordinated to provide frequency regulation services. However, V2G is a dynamic system where the participating EVs come and go independently. Thus, it is not easy to estimate the regulation capacities for V2G. In a preliminary study, we modeled an aggregation of EVs with a queueing network, whose structure allows us to estimate the capacities for regulation-up and regulation-down separately. The estimated capacities from the V2G system can be used for establishing a regulation contract between an aggregator and the grid operator, and facilitating a new business model for V2G. In this paper, we extend our previous development by designing a smart charging mechanism that can adapt to given characteristics of the EVs and make the performance of the actual system follow the analytical model.

Original languageEnglish
Article number7122362
Pages (from-to)156-166
Number of pages11
JournalIEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
Volume7
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2016

Scopus Subject Areas

  • General Computer Science

User-Defined Keywords

  • Capacity
  • Frequency regulation
  • Queueing model
  • Vehicle-to-grid (V2G)

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