TY - JOUR
T1 - Biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol by the whole soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seedlings
AU - Zhang, Hongna
AU - Wen, Bei
AU - Huang, Honglin
AU - Wang, Sen
AU - CAI, Zongwei
AU - Zhang, Shuzhen
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant numbers 41671465 , 21537005 , 21806134 and 21621064 ]; and General Research Fund of Hong Kong Research Grants Council [Grant number 12301518 ]. Appendix A
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are important precursors of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in the environment and biota. With the growing application of 6:2 FTOH [F(CF2)6CH2CH2OH] in product formulation, it is becoming increasingly urgent to investigate its biological fates in different species. In this study, biotransformation of 6:2 FTOH by young soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merrill) were investigated using hydroponic experiments. During the 144 h-exposure, 6:2 FTCA [F(CF2)6CH2COOH], 6:2 FTUCA [F(CF2)5CF[dbnd]CHCOOH], 5:3 FTUCA [F(CF2)5CH[dbnd]CHCOOH], 5:3 FTCA [F(CF2)5CH2CH2COOH], PFHxA [F(CF2)5COOH] and PFPeA [F(CF2)4COOH] were phase I metabolites in soybean. At the end of exposure, 5:3 FTCA (5.08 mol%), PFHxA (2.34 mol%) and PFPeA (0.58 mol%) were three main metabolites in soybean-solution system. 5:3 FTCA was predominant in soybean roots and stems, while PFHxA was the most abundant product in leaves. PFBA [F(CF2)3COOH] and 4:3 FTCA [F(CF2)4CH2CH2COOH] detected in the hydroponic solution most-likely came from the transformation of 5:3 FTCA by root-associated microbes. Moreover, phase II metabolites of 6:2 FTOH were identified and monitored in soybean tissues. Alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and glutathione S-transferase were found to participate in 6:2 FTOH metabolism. Based on the phase I and phase II metabolism of 6:2 FTOH in soybean, this study for the first time provides evidences for the transformation pathways of 6:2 FTOH in plants. Phase I and phase II metabolites of 6:2 FTOH and some enzymic activities in soybean were analyzed, and possible biotransformation pathways were proposed.
AB - Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are important precursors of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in the environment and biota. With the growing application of 6:2 FTOH [F(CF2)6CH2CH2OH] in product formulation, it is becoming increasingly urgent to investigate its biological fates in different species. In this study, biotransformation of 6:2 FTOH by young soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merrill) were investigated using hydroponic experiments. During the 144 h-exposure, 6:2 FTCA [F(CF2)6CH2COOH], 6:2 FTUCA [F(CF2)5CF[dbnd]CHCOOH], 5:3 FTUCA [F(CF2)5CH[dbnd]CHCOOH], 5:3 FTCA [F(CF2)5CH2CH2COOH], PFHxA [F(CF2)5COOH] and PFPeA [F(CF2)4COOH] were phase I metabolites in soybean. At the end of exposure, 5:3 FTCA (5.08 mol%), PFHxA (2.34 mol%) and PFPeA (0.58 mol%) were three main metabolites in soybean-solution system. 5:3 FTCA was predominant in soybean roots and stems, while PFHxA was the most abundant product in leaves. PFBA [F(CF2)3COOH] and 4:3 FTCA [F(CF2)4CH2CH2COOH] detected in the hydroponic solution most-likely came from the transformation of 5:3 FTCA by root-associated microbes. Moreover, phase II metabolites of 6:2 FTOH were identified and monitored in soybean tissues. Alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and glutathione S-transferase were found to participate in 6:2 FTOH metabolism. Based on the phase I and phase II metabolism of 6:2 FTOH in soybean, this study for the first time provides evidences for the transformation pathways of 6:2 FTOH in plants. Phase I and phase II metabolites of 6:2 FTOH and some enzymic activities in soybean were analyzed, and possible biotransformation pathways were proposed.
KW - 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol
KW - Biotransformation
KW - GSH-Conjugated metabolite
KW - Perfluorocarboxylic acid
KW - Soybean
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075352868&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113513
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113513
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31733959
AN - SCOPUS:85075352868
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 257
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
M1 - 113513
ER -