TY - JOUR
T1 - Atmospheric levels and cytotoxicity of PAHs and heavy metals in TSP and PM2.5 at an electronic waste recycling site in southeast China
AU - Deng, W. J.
AU - Louie, P. K.K.
AU - Liu, W. K.
AU - Bi, X. H.
AU - Fu, J. M.
AU - Wong, M. H.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Mr. Roland C.K. Wong from the Air Services Group of Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, Dr. K.F. Ho from the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of Hong Kong Polytechnic University for their technical support, and Ms. Florence Cheung from Department of Anatomy of The Chinese University of Hong Kong for her technical assistance. Thanks are also due to our colleagues engaged in the “E-waste” project at the Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences. Funding for this research was provided by the Group Research, Central Allocation of RGC (Code no. HKBU 1/03C) and NSFC/RGC (Code no. NSFC/03-04/01).
PY - 2006/11
Y1 - 2006/11
N2 - Twenty-nine air samples of total suspended particles (TSP, particles less than 30-60 μm) and thirty samples of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were collected at Guiyu, an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site in southeast China from 16 August 2004 to 17 September 2004. The results showed that mass concentrations contained in TSP and PM2.5 were 124±44.1 and 62.12±20.5 μg m-3, respectively. The total sum of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with TSP and PM2.5 ranged from 40.0 to 347 and 22.7 to 263 ng m-3, respectively. Five-ring and six-ring PAHs accounted for 73% of total PAHs. The average concentration of benzo(a) pyrene was 2-6 times higher than in other Asian cities. Concentrations of Cr, Cu and Zn in PM2.5 of Guiyu were 4-33 times higher than in other Asian countries. In general, there were significant correlations between concentrations of individual contaminants in TSP with PM2.5 (i.e. PAHs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn except Ni and As). The high concentrations of both PAHs and heavy metals in air of Guiyu may impose a serious environmental and health concern. Cytotoxicity of the extract of TSP and PM2.5 of ten 24 h samples collected against human promonocytic leukemia cell line U937 (ATCC 1593.2) was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity assay. The results showed that under the same concentrations of extract, PM2.5 cytotoxicity was 2-4 times higher than TSP.
AB - Twenty-nine air samples of total suspended particles (TSP, particles less than 30-60 μm) and thirty samples of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were collected at Guiyu, an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site in southeast China from 16 August 2004 to 17 September 2004. The results showed that mass concentrations contained in TSP and PM2.5 were 124±44.1 and 62.12±20.5 μg m-3, respectively. The total sum of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with TSP and PM2.5 ranged from 40.0 to 347 and 22.7 to 263 ng m-3, respectively. Five-ring and six-ring PAHs accounted for 73% of total PAHs. The average concentration of benzo(a) pyrene was 2-6 times higher than in other Asian cities. Concentrations of Cr, Cu and Zn in PM2.5 of Guiyu were 4-33 times higher than in other Asian countries. In general, there were significant correlations between concentrations of individual contaminants in TSP with PM2.5 (i.e. PAHs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn except Ni and As). The high concentrations of both PAHs and heavy metals in air of Guiyu may impose a serious environmental and health concern. Cytotoxicity of the extract of TSP and PM2.5 of ten 24 h samples collected against human promonocytic leukemia cell line U937 (ATCC 1593.2) was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity assay. The results showed that under the same concentrations of extract, PM2.5 cytotoxicity was 2-4 times higher than TSP.
KW - Cytotoxicity
KW - Electronic waste (E-waste)
KW - Heavy metals
KW - MTT assay
KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33748929180&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.032
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.032
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:33748929180
SN - 1352-2310
VL - 40
SP - 6945
EP - 6955
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
IS - 36
ER -