TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles with estrogens and androgens among pregnant women
T2 - A cohort study with repeated measurements
AU - Li, Ying
AU - Zhou, Yanqiu
AU - Cai, Zongwei
AU - Li, Ruizhen
AU - Leng, Pei
AU - Liu, Hongxiu
AU - Liu, Juan
AU - Mahai, Gaga
AU - Li, Yuanyuan
AU - Xu, Shunqing
AU - Xia, Wei
N1 - This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( U21A20397 ), Health commission of Hubei Province scientific research project ( WJ2019H307 ), Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team ( 2018QYTD12 , 2018QYTD06 ). The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the departments involved.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/9/10
Y1 - 2022/9/10
N2 - People are extensively exposed to benzotriazoles (BTRs) and benzothiazoles (BTHs) derivatives, which are environmental pollutants that may possess endocrine-disrupting potential; however, no epidemiological evidence is available on the associations of BTRs and BTHs with estrogens and androgens. This study aimed at investigating the associations of BTRs and BTHs with estrogens and androgens among pregnant women. Based on a prospective cohort study, we included 459 pregnant women who donated a complete serial of urine samples at each trimester and had repeated measurements of four BTRs, four BTHs, three estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estrio), and two androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone) in the urine samples. Associations of repeatedly measured BTRs and BTHs with maternal urinary estrogens and androgens were analyzed, and the cross-sectional associations were also analyzed. Tolyltriazole (TTR) (≥59.3%) and benzothiazole (BTH) (≥93.5%) had the highest detection rate among the BTRs and BTHs, respectively. Repeated measurement analysis and cross-sectional analysis consistently found the target BTRs and BTHs were positively associated with 17β-estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, while the trend of the associations with estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone was inconsistent. Among the positive associations with 17β-estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, the percent of change in estriol associated with TTR was the most prominent [28.5% (95% confidential interval: 24.2%, 32.9%) for each doubling in TTR]. The significant associations with estrone, estriol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone were stronger among pregnant women who gave birth to a boy than those who gave birth to a girl. These findings add epidemiological evidence on the endocrine-disrupting potential of BTRs and BTHs and highlight the importance of focusing on the health outcomes of BTRs and BTHs related to disturbed estrogens and androgens. Future studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
AB - People are extensively exposed to benzotriazoles (BTRs) and benzothiazoles (BTHs) derivatives, which are environmental pollutants that may possess endocrine-disrupting potential; however, no epidemiological evidence is available on the associations of BTRs and BTHs with estrogens and androgens. This study aimed at investigating the associations of BTRs and BTHs with estrogens and androgens among pregnant women. Based on a prospective cohort study, we included 459 pregnant women who donated a complete serial of urine samples at each trimester and had repeated measurements of four BTRs, four BTHs, three estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estrio), and two androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone) in the urine samples. Associations of repeatedly measured BTRs and BTHs with maternal urinary estrogens and androgens were analyzed, and the cross-sectional associations were also analyzed. Tolyltriazole (TTR) (≥59.3%) and benzothiazole (BTH) (≥93.5%) had the highest detection rate among the BTRs and BTHs, respectively. Repeated measurement analysis and cross-sectional analysis consistently found the target BTRs and BTHs were positively associated with 17β-estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, while the trend of the associations with estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone was inconsistent. Among the positive associations with 17β-estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, the percent of change in estriol associated with TTR was the most prominent [28.5% (95% confidential interval: 24.2%, 32.9%) for each doubling in TTR]. The significant associations with estrone, estriol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone were stronger among pregnant women who gave birth to a boy than those who gave birth to a girl. These findings add epidemiological evidence on the endocrine-disrupting potential of BTRs and BTHs and highlight the importance of focusing on the health outcomes of BTRs and BTHs related to disturbed estrogens and androgens. Future studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
KW - Benzothiazoles
KW - Benzotriazoles
KW - Cohort study
KW - Effect modification
KW - Estrogens and androgens
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130548078&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155998
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155998
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35588816
AN - SCOPUS:85130548078
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 838
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 155998
ER -
