TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between residential greenness and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults
AU - Yang, Bo Yi
AU - Liu, Kang Kang
AU - Markevych, Iana
AU - Knibbs, Luke D.
AU - Bloom, Michael S.
AU - Dharmage, Shaymali C.
AU - Lin, Shao
AU - Morawska, Lidia
AU - Heinrich, Joachim
AU - Jalaludin, Bin
AU - Gao, Meng
AU - Guo, Yuming
AU - Zhou, Yang
AU - Huang, Wen Zhong
AU - Yu, Hong Yao
AU - Zeng, Xiao Wen
AU - Hu, Li Wen
AU - Hu, Qiang
AU - Dong, Guang Hui
N1 - Funding Information:
The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81872582 ; No. 91543208 ; No. 81703179 ; No. 81803196 ; No. 81673128 ); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0207000 ); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 16ykzd02 ; No. 17ykpy16 ); the Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation (No. 2016A030313342 ; 2017A050501062 ); and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou ( 201807010032 ; 201803010054 ). YG was supported by the Career Development Fellowship of Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (No. APP1107107 ). The authors acknowledge the cooperation of participants in this study who have been very generous with their time and assistance. Appendix A
Funding Information:
The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81872582; No. 91543208; No. 81703179; No. 81803196; No. 81673128); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0207000); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 16ykzd02; No. 17ykpy16); the Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation (No. 2016A030313342; 2017A050501062); and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201807010032; 201803010054). YG was supported by the Career Development Fellowship of Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (No. APP1107107). The authors acknowledge the cooperation of participants in this study who have been very generous with their time and assistance.
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Background: Residing in greener areas has several health benefits, but no study to date has examined the effects of greenness on metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to assess associations between residential greenness and MetS prevalence in China, and to explore whether air pollution and physical activity mediated any observed associations. Methods: We analyzed data from 15,477 adults who participated in the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study during 2009. We defined MetS according to standard guidelines for Chinese populations. Residential greenness was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and the Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF). We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the associations between greenness and MetS, and mediation analyses to explore potential mechanisms underlying the associations. Results: Higher greenness levels were associated with lower odds of MetS [e.g., for every interquartile range increase of NDVI500-m, SAVI500-m, and VCF500-m, the adjusted odds ratio of MetS was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.70–0.93), 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.93), and 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.83–1.00), respectively]. The direction and the magnitude of the associations persisted in several sensitivity analyses. Stratified analyses showed that age and household income modified the associations, with greater effect estimates observed in participants younger than 65 years old or those with higher household income. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone mediated 2.1–20.3% of the associations between greenness and MetS; no evidence of mediation was observed for physical activity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a beneficial association for residential greenness and MetS in Chinese urban dwellers, especially for participants younger than 65 years old and those with higher household income. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, but not physical activity, may only partially mediate the association.
AB - Background: Residing in greener areas has several health benefits, but no study to date has examined the effects of greenness on metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to assess associations between residential greenness and MetS prevalence in China, and to explore whether air pollution and physical activity mediated any observed associations. Methods: We analyzed data from 15,477 adults who participated in the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study during 2009. We defined MetS according to standard guidelines for Chinese populations. Residential greenness was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and the Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF). We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the associations between greenness and MetS, and mediation analyses to explore potential mechanisms underlying the associations. Results: Higher greenness levels were associated with lower odds of MetS [e.g., for every interquartile range increase of NDVI500-m, SAVI500-m, and VCF500-m, the adjusted odds ratio of MetS was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.70–0.93), 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.93), and 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.83–1.00), respectively]. The direction and the magnitude of the associations persisted in several sensitivity analyses. Stratified analyses showed that age and household income modified the associations, with greater effect estimates observed in participants younger than 65 years old or those with higher household income. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone mediated 2.1–20.3% of the associations between greenness and MetS; no evidence of mediation was observed for physical activity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a beneficial association for residential greenness and MetS in Chinese urban dwellers, especially for participants younger than 65 years old and those with higher household income. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, but not physical activity, may only partially mediate the association.
KW - Chinese adults
KW - Cross-sectional study
KW - Greenness
KW - Mediation
KW - Metabolic syndrome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076313873&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105388
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105388
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31837524
AN - SCOPUS:85076313873
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 135
JO - Environment International
JF - Environment International
M1 - 105388
ER -
