TY - JOUR
T1 - Angiogenic factors in bone local environment
AU - Chim, Shek Man
AU - Tickner, Jennifer
AU - Chow, Siu To
AU - Kuek, Vincent
AU - Guo, Baosheng
AU - Zhang, Ge
AU - Rosen, Vicki
AU - Erber, Wendy
AU - Xu, Jiake
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded in part by National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia , Western Australia Medical & Health Research Infrastructure Fund, and a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, no. 81228013 ). Professor Vicki Rosen was an Australia-Harvard Fellow to the School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of Western Australia in 2012.
PY - 2013/6
Y1 - 2013/6
N2 - Angiogenesis plays an important role in physiological bone growth and remodeling, as well as in pathological bone disorders such as fracture repair, osteonecrosis, and tumor metastasis to bone. Vascularization is required for bone remodeling along the endosteal surface of trabecular bone or Haversian canals within the cortical bone, as well as the homeostasis of the cartilage-subchondral bone interface. Angiogenic factors, produced by cells from a basic multicellular unit (BMU) within the bone remodeling compartment (BRC) regulate local endothelial cells and pericytes. In this review, we discuss the expression and function of angiogenic factors produced by osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes in the BMU and in the cartilage-subchondral bone interface. These include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), BMP7, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like family members. In addition, the expression of EGFL2, EGFL3, EGFL5, EGFL6, EGFL7, EGFL8 and EGFL9 has been recently identified in the bone local environment, giving important clues to their possible roles in angiogenesis. Understanding the role of angiogenic factors in the bone microenvironment may help to develop novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for bone and joint diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, and delayed fracture healing.
AB - Angiogenesis plays an important role in physiological bone growth and remodeling, as well as in pathological bone disorders such as fracture repair, osteonecrosis, and tumor metastasis to bone. Vascularization is required for bone remodeling along the endosteal surface of trabecular bone or Haversian canals within the cortical bone, as well as the homeostasis of the cartilage-subchondral bone interface. Angiogenic factors, produced by cells from a basic multicellular unit (BMU) within the bone remodeling compartment (BRC) regulate local endothelial cells and pericytes. In this review, we discuss the expression and function of angiogenic factors produced by osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes in the BMU and in the cartilage-subchondral bone interface. These include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), BMP7, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like family members. In addition, the expression of EGFL2, EGFL3, EGFL5, EGFL6, EGFL7, EGFL8 and EGFL9 has been recently identified in the bone local environment, giving important clues to their possible roles in angiogenesis. Understanding the role of angiogenic factors in the bone microenvironment may help to develop novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for bone and joint diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, and delayed fracture healing.
KW - Angiogenesis
KW - Bone remodeling
KW - Bone remodeling compartment
KW - EGF-like
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84881232099&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.008
DO - 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.008
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23611723
AN - SCOPUS:84881232099
SN - 1359-6101
VL - 24
SP - 297
EP - 310
JO - Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews
JF - Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews
IS - 3
ER -
