Analysis of tire wear-derived toxic organic substances and associated toxicological implications by mass spectrometry: Recent advances

Tire wear-derived toxic organic substances (TWTOSs), as broadly distributed and poisonous contaminants, have threatened the safety of the environment, food, and organisms. Accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection of TWTOSs is essential for understanding their occurrence, environmental fate, and biotoxicities. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been increasingly employed for identification, quantification, and toxicity tracking of emerging pollutants in terms of high sensitivity/throughput and easy operation. Herein, we reviewed the recent advances of MS technology for detecting TWTOSs (e.g., cyclic amines and benzotriazoles/benzothiazoles) in the ecosystem and food/biological samples, and assessing the toxicological implications of TWTOSs on the organism. A comprehensive update on the MS-based detection of TWTOSs and the exposure risks’ evaluation will be provided in this review, highlighting the necessity of innovation of analytical technology for environmental and public health safety.