「允」「㽙」「畯」試釋

金文中有「㽙」字，從田從允，宋人本釋為「允」字。但自清代學者孫詒讓據晉姜鼎誤讀為畯以後，直至現代的古文字學家如徐中舒、于省吾又從另外的角度釋此字為「畯」，通「駿」，意即長、遠。今之學者多從之。本文考察自宋代以來學者對此字的釋讀，以金文中辭例為據，結合《詩經》、《尚書》、《逸周書》等文獻資料，認為西周金文的「㽙」字，仍當讀為「允」字，是「允」字的異體。

The character yun 㽙 in bronze inscriptions, composed of the radicals tian 田 and yun 允 , was originally understood as a variant of yun 允 by Song scholars. Sun Yirang, a late Qing paleographer, then proposed to read this character as jun 畯 , based on his misunderstanding of the inscription cast on the Jin Jiang ding vessel. Xu Zhongshu and Yu Xingwu also consider this yun a variant of jun, but on the basis of their comparative study of transmitted documents with bronze inscriptions. This paper reexamines the contexts of this character on bronze vessels, cross-referenced with its occurrences in the Book of Odes, the Book of Documents and other transmitted Zhou texts, and argues that in Western Zhou times it was indeed a variant of yun 允 , meaning “trust.”