Accurately and effectively predict the ACL force: Utilizing biomechanical landing pattern before and after-fatigue

Datao Xu, Huiyu Zhou, Wenjing Quan, Fekete Gusztav, Meizi Wang, Julien S. Baker, Yaodong Gu*

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articlepeer-review

    31 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Background and Objective: As a fundamental exercise technique, landing can commonly be associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, especially during after-fatigue single-leg landing (SL). Presently, the inability to accurately detect ACL loading makes it difficult to recognize the risk degree of ACL injury, which reduces the effectiveness of injury prevention and sports monitoring. Increased risk of ACL injury during after-fatigue SL may be related to changes in ankle motion patterns. Therefore, this study aims to develop a highly accurate and easily implemented ACL force prediction model by combining deep learning and the explored relationship between ACL force and ankle motion pattern.

    Methods: First, 56 subjects' during before and after-fatigue SL data were collected to explore the relationship between the ankle initial contact angle (AIC), ankle range of motion (AROM) and peak ACL force (PAF). Then, the musculoskeletal model was developed to simulate and calculate the ACL force. Finally, the ACL force prediction model was constructed by combining the explored relationship and sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to optimize the extreme learning machine (ELM) and long short-term memory (LSTM).

    Results: There was almost a stronger linear relationship between the PAF and AIC (R = −0.70), AROM (R2 = −0.61). By substituting AIC and AROM as independent variables in the SSA-ELM prediction model, the model shows excellent prediction performance because of very strong correlation (R2 = 0.9992, MSE = 0.0023, RMSE = 0.0474). Based on the equal scaling by combining results of SSA-ELM and SSA-LSTM, the prediction model achieves excellent performance in ACL force prediction of the overall waveform (R2 = 0.9947, MSE = 0.0076, RMSE = 0.0873).

    Conclusion: By increasing the AIC and AROM during SL, the lower limb joint energy dissipation can be increased and the PAF reduced, thus reducing the impact loads on the lower limb joints and reducing ACL injuries. The proposed ACL dynamic load force prediction model has low input variable demands (sagittal joint angles), excellent generalization capabilities and superior performance in terms of high accuracy. In the future, we plan to use it as an accurate ACL injury risk assessment tool to promote and apply it to a wider range of sports training and injury monitoring.
    Original languageEnglish
    Article number107761
    JournalComputer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
    Volume241
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Nov 2023

    Scopus Subject Areas

    • Software
    • Computer Science Applications
    • Health Informatics

    User-Defined Keywords

    • ACL force prediction
    • Ankle motion patterns
    • Landing biomechanics
    • Machine learning
    • Musculoskeletal modeling
    • Optimization model

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