A Review on Landscape Factors for Biodiversity Performance Enhancement in Urban Parks

Urbanization significantly reduced natural habitats and biodiversity, creating challenges for sustainable urban development. Urban parks, as essential green spaces, help mitigate these impacts by promoting biodiversity and enhancing urban resilience. This review synthesizes current knowledge on landscape factors that influence biodiversity in urban parks, emphasizing how these parks contribute to biodiversity conservation and urban sustainable development. A comprehensive literature search identified key landscape factors that affect biodiversity, categorized into five groups: park size and shape, vegetation composition, artificial components, landscape patterns, and surrounding land use. The findings reveal that larger park areas, simplified boundaries, diverse vegetation structures, reduced human interference, and improved habitat connectivity are crucial for boosting biodiversity. The review also suggests practical design strategies, such as enhancing green space networks and preserving old trees, to foster biodiversity in urban parks. Overall, this review provides valuable insights for urban planners and landscape designers aiming to create resilient, biodiversity-rich urban spaces that support sustainable development.