TY - JOUR
T1 - A review of China's municipal solid waste (MSW) and comparison with international regions
T2 - Management and technologies in treatment and resource utilization
AU - Ding, Yin
AU - Zhao, Jun
AU - Liu, Jia Wei
AU - Zhou, Jizhi
AU - Cheng, Liang
AU - Zhao, Jia
AU - Shao, Zhe
AU - Iris, Çağatay
AU - Pan, Bingjun
AU - Li, Xiaonian
AU - Hu, Zhong Ting
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to editor-in-chief and four anonymous reviewers who have helped to improve the manuscript significantly. The authors would like to acknowledge the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province ( Y19B070005 , LGG20B060004 ), the National Key Research and Development Project ( 2018YFC0214100 ), and the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates ( 201910337016 ) for financial support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/4/15
Y1 - 2021/4/15
N2 - Although municipal solid waste (MSW) has a potential risk for human health and ecological environment, it is gradually considered as one of the most renewable resources. To maximize resource utilization of MSW and its elimination, numerous efforts have been devoted worldwide to develop a systematic MSW management coupled with technologies in treatment and resource utilization (TTRU). This paper mainly focuses on MSW in eight eastern coastal regions in China on the aspects of background information (MSW generation, population, gross domestic product (GDP)/gross regional product (GRP)), related laws (acts, regulations), MSW characteristics (composition, separation, collection, transport) and TTRU. Besides, emerging technologies in MSW resource utilization for waste-to-energy (WtE) and waste-to-material (WtM) are reviewed for the first time. Finally, a comparison based on above information is conducted between China and selected developed regions, namely Berlin, Tokyo, and Singapore. The findings for China are summarized as follows: (1) MSW generation keeps a strong increasing trend especially in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Fujian provinces, while MSW generation shows spatiotemporal variation in eastern coastal cities, provinces, and special zones; (2) MSW composition characteristics is complicated with a >50% moisture content and is dominated by 52.8–65.3% kitchen waste, 3.5–11.9% paper, and 9.9–19.1% rubber & plastics; (3) MSW management system needs to be optimized in China; (4) The MSW is treated by 52% landfill, 45% incineration and 3% composting technologies and utilization efficiency in China is much lower than that of developed countries; (5) Advanced and emerging technologies for MSW resource utilization are required and several potential WtE and WtM technologies are listed. Eventually, (6) Recommendations for developing an optimal system integrating MSW management with enhanced TTRU are presented, and technology transfer potentials from Berlin, Tokyo, and Singapore are noted.
AB - Although municipal solid waste (MSW) has a potential risk for human health and ecological environment, it is gradually considered as one of the most renewable resources. To maximize resource utilization of MSW and its elimination, numerous efforts have been devoted worldwide to develop a systematic MSW management coupled with technologies in treatment and resource utilization (TTRU). This paper mainly focuses on MSW in eight eastern coastal regions in China on the aspects of background information (MSW generation, population, gross domestic product (GDP)/gross regional product (GRP)), related laws (acts, regulations), MSW characteristics (composition, separation, collection, transport) and TTRU. Besides, emerging technologies in MSW resource utilization for waste-to-energy (WtE) and waste-to-material (WtM) are reviewed for the first time. Finally, a comparison based on above information is conducted between China and selected developed regions, namely Berlin, Tokyo, and Singapore. The findings for China are summarized as follows: (1) MSW generation keeps a strong increasing trend especially in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Fujian provinces, while MSW generation shows spatiotemporal variation in eastern coastal cities, provinces, and special zones; (2) MSW composition characteristics is complicated with a >50% moisture content and is dominated by 52.8–65.3% kitchen waste, 3.5–11.9% paper, and 9.9–19.1% rubber & plastics; (3) MSW management system needs to be optimized in China; (4) The MSW is treated by 52% landfill, 45% incineration and 3% composting technologies and utilization efficiency in China is much lower than that of developed countries; (5) Advanced and emerging technologies for MSW resource utilization are required and several potential WtE and WtM technologies are listed. Eventually, (6) Recommendations for developing an optimal system integrating MSW management with enhanced TTRU are presented, and technology transfer potentials from Berlin, Tokyo, and Singapore are noted.
KW - Municipal solid waste
KW - Resource utilization
KW - Waste management
KW - Waste-to-materials
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100676818&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126144
DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126144
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85100676818
SN - 0959-6526
VL - 293
JO - Journal of Cleaner Production
JF - Journal of Cleaner Production
M1 - 126144
ER -
