A high-order multi-time-step scheme for bond-based peridynamics

A high-order multi-time-step scheme (MTS) for the bond-based peridynamic (PD) model, an extension of classical continuous mechanics widely used for analyzing discontinuous problems like cracks, is proposed. The MTS scheme discretizes the spatial domain with a meshfree method and advances in time with a high-order Runge–Kutta method. To effectively handle discontinuities (cracks) that appear in a local subdomain in the solution, the scheme employs the Taylor expansion and Lagrange interpolation polynomials with a finer time step size, that is, coarse and fine time step sizes for smooth and discontinuous subdomains, respectively, to achieve accurate and efficient simulations. By eliminating unnecessary fine-scale resolution imposed on the entire domain, the MTS scheme outperforms the standard STS scheme for PD by significantly reducing computational costs, particularly for problems with discontinuous solutions, as demonstrated by comprehensive theoretical analysis and numerical experiments.