8周网络健康学习项目对大学生两种健康行为的干预效应

目的: 基于健康行为过程理论（health action process approach,HAPA）, 运用一项8周网络健康学习项目对大学生的身体活动和果蔬摄入行为进行干预, 考察该网络学习项目的干预效果。方法: 从华中地区某高校招募493名大学生,随机分为干预组（前4周接受身体活动的干预内容,后4周接受果蔬摄入行为的干预内容）和对照组（不接受任何干预）。被试按要求分别在干预开始时（T1,n=493）、8周干预结束时（T2,n=337,耗损率为31.6%）和干预结束1个月后（T3,n=142,耗损率为57.9%）, 填写3次网络调查问卷。问卷内容包括: 人口统计学变量、身体活动量、果蔬摄入量, 以及身体活动行为和果蔬摄入行为的各个社会心理学指标（意向、自我效能、计划和社会支持）。结果: 通过8周网络健康学习, 干预组被试在果蔬摄入量上显著高于对照组（F=12.01,P<0.01,η2=0.08）, 而在身体活动量上与对照组没有显著性差异（F=0.27,P=0.76,η2=0.00）。同时, 该网络干预项目能够有效改善与身体活动及果蔬摄入行为有关的社会心理学指标, 包括意向（F果蔬摄入行为=7.81,P<0.01,η2=0.05）、自我效能（F身体活动=9.69,P<0.01,η2=0.07;F果蔬摄入行为=8.07,P<0.01,η2=0.06）、计划（F身体活动=6.27,P<0.01,η2=0.04;F果蔬摄入行为=10.49,P<0.01,η2=0.07）和社会支持（F身体活动=5.83,P<0.01,η2=0.04;F果蔬摄入行为=3.67,P=0.03,η2=0.03）。结论: 健康行为网络干预在中国大学生群体中具有一定的有效性。

Abstract Objective To test the efficacy of an 8-week web-based intervention to improve physical activity（PA） and fruit and vegetable intake（FVI） in Chinese university students. The intervention was based on the health action process approach （HAPA）. Methods A total of 493 students were recruited from one university in the central region of China，and randomly assigned into an intervention group with the first 4-week intervention on PA and a subsequent 4-week intervention on FVI，as well as a control group without any intervention. Three web- based assessments were conducted including one at the beginning of the intervention（T1，n=493），at the end of the 8-week intervention（T2，n=337，with the drop-out rate of 31.6%），and at 1 month after the intervention（T3，n=142，with the dropout rate of 57.9%）. Results After the 8-week intervention，the FVI of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group（F=12.01，P<0.01，η2=0.08），but there was no significant difference in the physical activity（F=0.27，P=0.76，η2=0.00）. Compared with the control group，students in the intervention group improved more in psycho social correlates of FVI and HAPA，including intention（FFVI=7.81，P<0.01，η2=0.05），self-efficacy（FPA=9.69，P<0.01，η2=0.07；FFVI=8.07，P<0.01，η2=0.06），planning（FPA=6.27，P<0.01，η2=0.04；FFVI=10.49，P<0.01，η2=0.07） and social support（FPA=5.83，P<0.01，η2=0.04；FFVI=3.67，P=0.03，η2=0.03）. Conclusion This study provides an evidence for the efficacy of a web-based multiple health behaviour intervention among Chinese university students.