黄芪种植产地与生态环境及饮片规格的调查研究

目的: 中药黄芪来源于蒙古黄芪及膜荚黄芪, 由于黄芪野生资源的接近枯竭, 目前商品黄芪以栽培品为主。方法:通过实地调查, 了解黄芪的种植产地及生态环境。并且市场上黄芪饮片规格不统一, 通过调查了解饮片规格, 为饮片标准的制订和饮片质量的控制提供依据。结果: 蒙古黄芪多为人工栽培,主要产地为山西恒山地区、甘肃陇南地区、内蒙古南部, 栽培面积广, 除山西黄芪多为山地直播外, 其他均为平川地种植; 膜荚黄芪则多为野生, 主要分布于黑龙江省和内蒙古东北部, 且资源近枯竭,其他地区如山东、河北等只有少量栽培。通过对黄芪饮片的市场调查,发现有5种不同规格的饮片, 并且呈现一定的区域特征。结论:建议通过建立自然保护区保护黄芪野生资源, 并统一黄芪饮片规格。

Astragali Radix is derived from roots of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and A. membranaceus. The exhaustion of wild Astragali Radix has made cultivated Astragali Radix possess the commercial market of Astragali Radix. So the ecological environment of cultivated Astragali Radix should be investigated through field survey. Through investigation, we found that A. membranaceus var. mongholicus are cultivated in Hengshan mountain of Shanxi province, Longnan of Gansu province,south of Inner Mongolia and Qinghai provinces. A. membranaceus var. mongholicus is almost planted on the plain, except in Shanxi province it grows on the sunny side of the mountain. What is more, soil type, elevation, annual temperature and annual rainfall of these locations are different. So the ecological environments of cultivated location of Astragali Radix are different from each other. A. membranaceus is wild in Heilongjiang and northeast of Inner Mongolia, but the resource is drying up. It is also planted in few places of the provinces of Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Gansu, but cultivated scope of A. membranaceus is smaller than A.membranaceus var. mongholicus.. So A. membranaceus var. mongholicus possesses large part of Astragali Radix market. In market, there exists no unified specification fro slices of Astragali Radix, and specification of prepared slices will influence the contents of chemical components. Through investigation, different kind of prepared slices can be collected and compared, this provides evidences for quality control of prepared slices. Through investigation, five different specifications of prepared slices were found in market. The distributions of some specification of prepared slices are specified, like transverse prepared slices prepared from A. membranaceus only found in Heilongjiang province. Transverse prepared slices possess half part of prepared slice market, and can be used to identify original plant of Astragali Radix. So transverse prepared slices should be the unified specification of Astragali Radix.