预防和干预青少年自杀危机: 家校合作模式

在文献综述的基础上，对青少年自杀的意图、影响因素以及干预模式进行批评性讨论和分析：首先对青少年自杀类型进行重新定义，将其区分为由相对慢性危险因素导致的计划型自杀和由相对急性危险因素导致的冲动型自杀；结合青少年期是个体心理、情绪和个性发展的暴风雨期这一特性，分析青少年的自杀问题对家庭和学校系统的路径依赖，肯定青少年自杀不仅反映其自身的脆弱性，更呈现出其长期所处的家庭或学校系统未决问题，强调家校合作预防和干预青少年自杀的重要性；此外，对影响青少年自杀的诸多因素进行重新梳理，根据自杀诱发的不同阶段，区分为前置因素、促成因素、诱发因素和保护因素，以讨论不同因素对不同阶段的影响，并基于此，从实践的角度，提出家校合作预防和干预青少年自杀的工作模式、工作策略和工作手法等。

Based on a literature review, this paper critically discusses and analyzes the intentions, influencing factors, and intervention models of adolescent suicide. First, I redefine the types of adolescent suicides, distinguishing between planned suicides caused by relatively chronic risk factors and impulsive suicides caused by relatively acute risk factors. Considering the character of adolescence as a period of stormy psychological, emotional, and personality development of individuals, I analyse the path dependence of adolescent suicides on family and school systems, affirming that adolescent suicides not only reflect their own vulnerability, but also show the long-lasting unresolved problems of family or school systems. I therefore emphasize the importance of family-school collaboration in preventing and intervening in adolescent suicide. In addition, I re-examine the many factors influencing youth suicide, differentiating between predisposing factors, contributing factors, precipitating factors and protective factors in response to the different stages of suicide initiation. This is to discuss the influence of different factors on different stages. Based on this, from a practical point of view, I propose a working model of family-school collaboration for youth suicide prevention and intervention, as well as working strategies and working practices, etc.