论清词的经典化

清词对唐宋词既有继承，又有超越，为词体创作注入了新的时代因素和美学因素，在词的题材、创作手法、词境等多方面都有开拓，创造出一定程度上堪与宋词比肩的词体文学经典。清人无论在理论批评还是创作上，已经有了对本朝创作加以经典化的明确意识。清初以来，特别是晚清以迄民国，词学家们借助选本、词话、评点、论词绝句、点将录、模仿、唱和、文学史著述、文献整理、专题研究等多种方式，从不同层面建构着清词中的经典。这一经典化的建构过程，既表现了人们对清词的认识，也从不同侧面体现出清词的价值，对于思考明清以来传统文学体裁的价值，具有重要的意义。由于作品浩繁、时间尚未充分拉开以及五四新文化运动以来部分学者对于中国古典文学雅正传统的质疑、批判，相对于唐宋词而言，清词的经典化还不够充分。

The Qing ci (lyric poem) both carries on and transcends the Tang and Song ci (唐宋词), pouring into them new elements of the spirit of the times and of aesthetics. The Qing ci broke new ground in subject, creative technique, and mood, creating literary classics comparable to the Song ci. Whether in terms of theoretical critiques or literary creation, there was a clear awareness in the Qing of the canonical place of ci written during that dynasty. From the early years of the Qing, and especially in the late Qing and the early Republic, scholars of the ci constructed the canon of Qing ci through anthologies, discussion and critiques of ci, discussing matched couplets in ci (jueju 绝句), lists of poets in rank order (点将录), imitative ci, answering ci, literary histories, arrangments of literary documents, and research on particular subjects. The process of constructing the canon not only reflected appreciation of the Qing ci but also displayed different facets of its value. This is of great significance for our thinking about traditional literary genres from the Ming and Qing on. The multitude of works, the fact that we are not far enough removed from them, and the suspicion and condemnation that some scholars have heaped on classical literature's tradition of elegance and balance (yazheng 雅正) since the May Fourth New Culture Movement-all these mean that compared to Tang Song ci, the process of Canonization of Qing Ci is still inadequate.