論鄭玄「五帝降氣」說的星象根據

本文探討鄭玄經注中所見的兩種「氣化」內涵：「合和」氣化和「感生」氣化，揭示出王者始祖感生自五帝降氣，五帝是由五行物色命名的神明，包括蒼帝、赤帝、黃帝、白帝和黑帝，它們通過與星的契合，與太微垣五帝座相應。這種「帝位應星」的模式在《史記．天官書》和緯書中是常見的，溯源當中有關星象的記載，發現北極星是主氣之神，而五帝是幫助它降氣的神明。五帝降氣的方法是通過與五宮和五星相應，使其精氣分布在五宮和五星等眾星宿中，藉此降氣感生王者始祖，？伋主宰五行運氣。五官是指蒼龍、赤鳥、騰蛇、白虎、玄武；五星是指本星、火星、土星、金星和水星。本文期望分析出鄭玄「五帝降氣」說的星象根據，並申明其倡提「五帝降氣」說的原因和應星。

This is a study of what is "Qi Hua"(氣化), which includes "He He" Qi Hua (「合和」氣化) and "Gan Sheng" Qi Hua (感生氣化), in Zheng Xun's commentaries of Classical Confucian Works. In Zheng Xun's interpretation, it was found that the ancestors of Chinese rulers were evoked from the Qi (氣) descended by the Five Emperors (五帝). The Five Emperors were divinities symbolized by a star group incorporated by Emperor Green (蒼帝), Emperor Red (赤帝), Emperor Yellow (黃帝), Emperor White (白帝) and Emperor Dark (黑帝). They were named in accordance with the five composing elements of the universe. During the process of Qi Hua, the five stars re-positioned itself so that their positions coincided with that of Tai Wai Heng Wu Di Zuo (太微垣五帝座).

The coincidence was repetitively mentioned in two literatures: "Shi Ji Tian Gong Shu" (史記•天官書) and "Wei Shu" (《緯書》). As mentioned in these works, Qi was under the control of Polaris, and the Five Emperors played a supporting role when Polaris descended Qi. When the star group of Five Emperors moved to a position in coincidence with the five constellations, Qi would be descended and shared among the stars, and finally evoked into the ancestors of Chinese rulers. The Chinese rulers were accordingly capable of managing the flow of the Five Elements. The five constellations were Cang Long (蒼龍), Chi Niao (赤鳥), Teng She (騰蛇), Bai Hu (白虎) and Xun Wu (玄武); the five stars were Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Venus and Saturn.

Through the study, the astrological evidence of "Qi Descension by the Five Emperors" (五帝降氣) could be explored as well as the reasons and significance of such interpretation.