論以杜詩入禪的方便義

關於杜甫與襌的討論，大部分著重從杜甫的生平及其詩歌的背景看禪，思想角度是由杜甫通向襌出發的。其實，在襌宗的典籍之中實在不乏杜甫的影蹤。如果我們换另外一個角度思考，從禪佛教的角度看，不難發現在襌師的語録之中，可以找到禪僧引述杜甫詩歌的用例。這樣的用例共有四個。我們要問：在禪宗語録之中，杜甫詩歌如何與襌思想契合呢？杜甫的詩歌在禪宗典籍之中又有何地位？其實，無論是誰借用也好，以杜詩入禪在佛教看來是一種方便。本文擬檢視宋代的禪宗語録，探討襌師引用杜甫詩的目的，運用比較法，一方面掌握杜詩在文學上的意思，另方面從禪師的話語脈絡著眼，討論禪師如何看待杜詩，怎樣在杜詩句中看出襌意。最後，歸結詩歌語言與禪宗語言蛊歸默的理解。

The study of the relationship between Du Fu and Ch’an Buddhism has been shedding light on the life of Du Fu and the background of his poetry. The perspective of the study is from Du Fu. However, if we ponder on the question from another angle, one may discover that some Ch’an Masters made use of Du Fu’s poetry to enlighten their students skillfully in the sayings of Ch’an. Drilling into the sayings of Ch’an in Sung, there are four verses of Du Fu we have to pay attention to. In terms of Buddhist terminology, using verses to enlighten students is called skillful means. In this paper, we are going to explore the underlining meaning of these four verses in relation to the sayings of Ch’an in a comparative way. Ultimately, every single word, be it poetry or Ch’an, will rest in silence.