苏合香品种变迁考

苏合香为我国常用进口中药材，在汉代即传入我国，苏合香作为中药始载于《名医别录》。该文通过梳理古今中外本草、现代文献资料，并结合对苏合香产地的实地考察结果，对苏合香的名称、质量评价、基原、产地及采收加工进行了系统的品种变迁考证。结果表明，自古以来苏合香便存在基原不明、产地不清的情况。我国历代医药学家多从质地、黏稠度、气味浓度、颜色4个方面对苏合香进行质量评价。苏合香品种共发生过2次变迁，第一次变迁可能在隋唐时期，基原由南欧安息香Styrax officinalis变迁为苏合香树Liquidambar orientalis。第二次变迁在近现代，基原由苏合香树变迁为北美枫香树L.styraciflua。在基原第二次变迁的同时，产地发生了第一次变迁，由小亚细亚南部地区的土耳其、叙利亚等国变迁为中美洲地区及北美洲南部地区的洪都拉斯、危地马拉等国。该文对苏合香质量评价、基原、产地、性状与采收加工等多方面的历史沿革进行了考证，同时对苏合香在西方国家的应用进行了综述，可为苏合香的进一步开发利用提供历史依据。

Styrax is a commonly used imported traditional Chinese medicinal material in China. It was introduced to China in the Han Dynasty and was first described as a traditional Chinese medicine in Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians (Ming Yi Bie Lu). In this paper, by combing ancient and modern Chinese and foreign herbal medicine books and modern literature, combined with the results of field investigations on the origin of Styrax, the changes of Styrax involving the name, quality evaluation, origin, place of origin, and harvesting and processing were systematically verified. The results show that since ancient times, the origin and place of origin of Styrax have been unclear. The medical scientists of all dynasties in China have evaluated the quality of Styrax from four aspects: texture, viscosity, odor concentration, and color. The varieties of Styrax changed twice. The first change may have occurred during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the base changed from Styrax officinalis to Liquidambar orientalis. The second change was in modern times, and the base changed from L. orientalis to L. styraciflua. At the same time, the place of origin changed for the first time, from Turkey, Syria, and other countries in southern Asia Minor to Honduras, Guatemala, and other countries in Central America and southern North America. This paper studied the historical evolution of Styrax in terms of quality evaluation, origin, place of origin, character, and harvesting and processing. At the same time, it summarized the application of Styrax in the western countries, which can provide a historical basis for the further development and utilization of Styrax.