耐腐蚀ZnO纳米颗粒增强型超疏水不锈钢网的油水分离性能研究

工业含油废水和海洋溢油中油水混合物的高效分离,对生态安全与资源回收具有重要意义。然而,传统膜分离材料易受污染且耐腐蚀性不足。为解决这一问题,本研究采用电化学沉积法在304不锈钢网上制备了ZnO纳米颗粒增强型超疏水复合结构。在Zn/Ni合金沉积过程中引入ZnO纳米颗粒（ZZNM）,实现了不锈钢网上树枝状微纳双尺度粗糙结构的组装。随后,通过PFOTS修饰进一步增强其疏水性能（PZZNM）。对滤网的化学组成、表面形貌及润湿性能进行了系统表征,结果显示,表面水接触角达164°,油接触角接近0°,表现出典型的超疏水/超亲油特性。油水分离实验表明,该复合滤网对氯仿/水体系分离效率达97.3%,通量高达6413 L·m-2·h-1;在石油醚、正己烷、柴油等油水体系中同样保持高效分离性能。此外,材料在强酸（pH=3）、强碱（pH=11）、3.5 wt%NaCl溶液浸泡,以及砂纸循环磨损、刀片划擦和折叠循环等条件下,仍能保持水接触角大于158.5°、分离效率超过93%。与未添加ZnO的样品（PZNM）相比,材料腐蚀电流密度降低约两个数量级,展现出卓越的耐腐蚀性和结构稳定性。研究结果表明,ZnO纳米颗粒在微纳结构调控、界面增强及抗腐蚀性能提升中发挥关键作用。该耐蚀性超疏水不锈钢网具有高通量、高稳定性和可重复使用等优点,可适应复杂酸碱盐环境下的油水分离需求,为工业含油废水处理及海洋溢油应急提供了一种具有工程应用潜力的新型材料体系。

The efficient separation of oil-water mixture in industrial oily wastewater and marine oil spill is of great significance to ecological security and resource recovery. However, traditional membrane separation materials are susceptible to contamination and lack corrosion resistance. In order to solve this problem, in this study, ZnO nanoparticle-enhanced superhydrophobic composite structure was prepared on 304 stainless steel mesh by electrochemical deposition. ZnO nanoparticles ( ZZNM ) were introduced during the deposition of Zn / Ni alloy, and the assembly of dendritic micro-nano dual-scale rough structures on stainless steel mesh was realized. Subsequently, the hydrophobic property ( PZZNM ) was further enhanced by PFOTS modification. The chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability of the filter were systematically characterized. The results showed that the surface water contact angle was 164 ° and the oil contact angle was close to 0 °, showing typical superhydrophobic / superoleophilic properties. The oil-water separation experiments show that the separation efficiency of the composite filter for chloroform / water system is 97.3 %, and the flux is as high as 6413 L · m ^-2 · h ^-1 . It also maintains efficient separation performance in oil-water systems such as petroleum ether, n-hexane, and diesel. In addition, the material can still maintain the water contact angle greater than 158.5 ° and the separation efficiency more than 93 % under the conditions of strong acid ( pH = 3 ), strong alkali ( pH = 11 ), 3.5 wt % NaCl solution immersion, sandpaper cyclic wear, blade scratch and folding cycle. Compared with the sample without ZnO ( PZNM ), the corrosion current density of the material is reduced by about two orders of magnitude, showing excellent corrosion resistance and structural stability. The results show that ZnO nanoparticles play a key role in the regulation of micro-nano structure, interface enhancement and corrosion resistance improvement. The corrosion-resistant superhydrophobic stainless steel mesh has the advantages of high flux, high stability and reusability, which can meet the needs of oil-water separation in complex acid, alkali and salt environments. It provides a new material system with engineering application potential for industrial oily wastewater treatment and marine oil spill emergency.