相似的内涵与不同的思路——朱彝尊和张惠言关于比兴寄托的论述及其后学的接受

比兴寄托是中国文学的重要命题。朱彝尊和张惠言是清代最重要的两个词派——浙西词派和常州词派——的领袖，他们的词学理论中都涉及这个问题，而且内涵有相似之处，但朱彝尊本人对此在理论和实践上都并无进一步发挥，其后学也并不将其作为朱彝尊的重要理论贡献。朱彝尊的两篇序主要的动机是尊体，并提倡南宋词学。张惠言则不仅自己有意识地提出了比较全面的理论，而且更加契合时代、社会和当时的士人心态，因而得到了后学的热切追随，并推动了整个清代词学走向了新阶段。清代学术非常重视师法，这两个流派的后学的传承和选择，可以从一个角度认识朱、张的核心理论，也可以揭示这两个流派在发展过程中的重要特色。

The concept of bi-xing-ji-tuo is an important proposition in Chinese literature. As the leaders of the most important two schools of Ci poetry in the Qing dynasty, Zhu Yizun and Zhang Huiyan both referred to bi-xing-ji-tuo in their theoretical discussions which shared similarities in connotation. Different from Zhang Huiyan, who had built a complete theoretical framework of bi-xing-ji-tuo conforming to the social and scholarly expectations and pushed the development of Ci poetry to a new era with the warm acceptance of academic followers, Zhu Yizun seemed nameless both in theory development and writing practices. The two prefaces by Zhu emphasized the important status of Ci poetry and highly recommended the Ci style of the Southern Song dynasty. Since the inheritance of learning was highly emphasized by the Qing scholars, the development of the two schools showed their distinctive features in their selection and inheriting from their masters, which also provides an insight into the core theory by Zhu and Zhang.