留德科技精英、兵工署和南京政府的军事现代化

德国自1870年统一，即跃升为欧洲强国，其军事和科技不但雄视世界，更成为在19世纪谋求现代化的国家如日本和中国的仿习目标。中国自1876年开始派员留学德国，第一次世界大战后人数更有增无减。留德的科技人才至南京政府期间纷纷加入军事部兵工署，对中国军事科技发展作出重要贡献。

After 1870, with the more powerful military and technology, Germany became a strong country in Europe, and many Asian countries such as Japan and China, began to take the example of Germany, seeking for modernization of their countries. From then on, even in World War 1, more and more Chinese students were sent to Germany for learning its advanced technology. These students, returning to China during the period of Nanjing Government, joined in Department of War Industry and made great contribution to Chinese military modernization.