电影研究的发展与现状

本章旨在对西方电影理论研究的发展和现状作一个综述。本章将介绍和评论西方电影研究的历史及主要流派与研究角度。主要探讨的领域包括电影的产业和技术研究，电影的形式（风格和叙事）研究，意识形态研究，受众研究，及电影作者和类型片的研究。本章主要探讨的领域和研究方法包括电影形式研究，语言学与心理分析，文化研究，认知学派，文学/文本研究，文化产业研究，女权主义，电影接受研究，类型片研究与导演中心理论，视觉文化，性与性别研究，互文本研究，国族电影研究，及第三种电影研究。

This chapter provides an overview of the evolution and the current state of cinema studies in the West. I will examine and interrogate the historical shifts and movements of cinema studies in terms of the questions asked, the concerns expressed, and the issues explored by various research perspectives. Major areas of inquiry covered are cinema as institution, technology, form (style and narrative). ideology, reception, as well as auteurism and genre. Major theoretical approaches discussed include the formalist approach, the linguistic and psychoanalytical approach, the cultural studies approach, the cultural industries approach, digital theory and the new media, feminist theory, studies on gender and sexuality, and studies on national cinema.