清末海軍重臣譚學衡（1871–1919）生平考論

譚學衡（1871–1919）是甲午戰敗後中國海軍重建的靈魂人物之一，在清宣統帝遜位詔上，以內閣署海軍大臣名義副署，見證中國千年帝制的結束。可是，當其海軍及內閣同僚都被廣為研究或傳頌，他卻幾乎在中國海軍史及民國開國史的著述中失去蹤影，至今亦未有一篇完整的傳記研究，交代此歷史轉折時期重要人物的生平與貢獻。本文利用現存的海軍資料、廣東鄉邦文獻、當時報刊資料及譚氏家族著述，撰寫較完整的譚學衡傳記，以見他在清末海軍重建和清朝結束過程中的地位，以及他可能被遺忘與低估的貢獻。

Tan Xueheng (1871–1919) was undoubtedly one of the important figures in the transitional period from the late Qing to Republican China. He was not only a key leader to the rebuilding of the naval power of the Qing Empire after the catastrophic defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), but also a cabinet member who co-signed as the Acting Naval Minister on the abdication edict of the last Qing emperor, so he had actively participated in the final phrase of the imperial system of China. While many of his colleagues of the Imperial Navy and of the Qing cabinet have been widely introduced and studied by modern scholars of the late Qing, Tan almost disappeared in the narratives of the late Qing history as well as the specialized history of the Qing navy. There is yet no comprehensive biography introducing this significant but low-profiled player in this critical transitional period of Chinese history. Through a critical textual study of the naval archives of the late Qing and early Republican periods, the local historical works of Guangdong, newspaper materials, as well as the works of members of the Tan family, this paper reconstructs a more complete picture of the life of Tan Xueheng, and, thus, demonstrates his underestimated contributions to the rebuilding of the Chinese navy and his overlooked roles in the termination of the Qing dynasty.