清初“词史”观念的确立与建构

陈维崧提出的"词史"理论，借鉴了宋代以来关于"诗史"的理论探讨，适应了清代词学复兴的大趋势，同时也成为清代词学复兴的重要组成部分。这一理论及时总结了明遗民的创作经验，将词赋予存史与补史的意义，富有现实的思考，体现了中国传统的史学文化观。和以往词学的发展相同，这一理论也是向诗学中寻找资源，但却与当时诗学的探索同步发展，使得词学原本滞后的状况得到改变，也使得词进一步在整体意义上具有了更深厚的抒情诗内涵，因而具有崭新的时代特点。"词史"理论不仅顺应了清初词坛尊体的大趋势，而且试图反思历史，对宋元之际的词创作、特别是以《乐府补题》为代表的宋遗民创作细加体会，在"后补题"的唱和中开拓出新的风格。而清初大量的以文为词的现象，发扬了苏轼、辛弃疾的创新精神，则与这种理论互相呼应，成为它在形式上的重要支撑。

Based on the writing experience of surviving poets of the Ming Dynasty, Chen Weisong put forth his theory of history in ci, an embodiment of the cultural value in the traditional studies of Chinese history. This theory was a tentative endeavor, as were poetic theories of the time though the former took the latter as its source of inspiration. Being a novelty of the time, Chen's theory not only integrated itself in the dominant ci style of the early Qing Dynasty, but was a reflection upon the developmental history of ci poetry. The prose writing popular at the time provided a proof of the theory.