深对流云向平流层的水汽垂直输送问题研究进展

水汽是一种比CO2温室效应更强的温室气体,在平流层中为光化学反应提供氢氧自由基,凝结成冰晶后还能为臭氧的消耗提供非均相化学反应界面,从而加速臭氧的消耗,因而对气候有重要影响.深对流云对水汽的垂直输送是平流层水汽的重要来源之一,因此研究深对流云向平流层的水汽输送可以为研究气候变化提供参考.回顾了近年来关于深对流云向平流层的水汽垂直输送问题的研究进展,包括水汽垂直输送到平流层的证据、穿透性深对流云的识别方法、水汽被深对流云垂直输送到平流层的机理以及穿透性深对流云对平流层湿度作用的影响因子4个方面,并进行了小结和展望.

Water vapor is a kind of greenhouse gas which has more powerful greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide. It supplies hydroxyl radicals to photochemical reaction in stratosphere. When the water vapor condensed into ices, the ozone will be consumed more quickly because the ices can supply heterogeneous interface to chemical reaction. The vertical transport by deep convective overshoot is one of the most important sources of stratospheric water vapor, thus the research of deep convective overshoot transporting water vapor into stratosphere can provide reference for climate change research. Some advances of water vapor vertical transport by deep convections are collected in the study, including evidences of water vapor injects into stratosphere, detection methods of deep convective overshoot, mechanism and influence factors of water vapor vertical transport. And some possible prospects are discussed in the end.