汉语“烘烤”义词的语义演变研究

“烘烤”义词是人类日常生活中的常用动词。汉语“烘烤”义词的语义演变中有一些有规律的语义演变模式和路径：从“焚烧”义到“烘烤”义，从“烘烤”义到“焚烧”义；从“焚烧”义到“照射”义；从“烘烤”义到“烤火”义；从“烘烤”义到“曝晒”义；从“烘烤”义到“灼热”“使人有灼热感”义；从“烘烤”义到“煮”义；从“烘烤”义到“烤熟的肉食”义；从“烘烤”义到“焙茶的装置或场所”义。这些语义演变背后的机制是转喻。将之置于人类语言演变的大背景下来审视，这些语义关联模式在其他语言中也能见到，具有共性倾向和类型特点。

Words with the meaning “bake”are common verbs in human daily life. There are some regular semantic evolution patterns and paths in the semantic evolution of words with the meaning “bake”in Chinese: from the meaning of “burn ”to the meaning of “bake ”and then to the meaning of“burn”; from the meaning of“burn”to the meaning of“irradiate”; from the meaning of “bake ”to the meaning of “warm oneself by a fire ”; from the meaning of “bake ”to the meaning of “be exposed to the sun ”; from the meaning of “bake”to the meaning of “burn”; from the meaning of “bake”to the meaning of“boil”; from the meaning of“bake”to the meaning of“roasted meat”; from the meaning of“bake”to the meaning of“equipment or place for baking tea ”. The mechanisms behind these semantic evolution paths are analogy and metonymy. If we look at the meaning changes in the context of human language evolution,these patterns of semantic relevance can also be seen in other languages,which shows common tendencies and typological characteristics.