正念训练对中国精英羽毛球运动员心理健康的影响: 一项随机对照实验研究

目的: 检验以正念-接受-觉悟-投入 (Mindfulness-Acceptance-Insight-Commitment, MAIC) 为基础的正念训练对羽毛球运动员正念、接受和心理健康的影响。方法:本研究采用随机对照实验设计。选取某省队羽毛球运动员49名（男=29，女=20）进行干预。在干预前将所有被试随机分成两组:正念组（n=25）和对照组（n=24）。正念组运动员接受为期7周的MAIC课程，对照组运动员不接受任何干预。所有的心理学变量均评估3次:干预前、干预后、干预结束3个月后的跟踪测量。结果:重复方差分析 (repeated measures ANOVA analysis) 结果表明:在完成MAIC训练后，正念组运动员在正念、焦虑、抑郁、训练比赛满意感和接受水平上显著优于对照组运动员。事后检验结果表明，相对于对照组而言，在前测与后测的比较上，以及在前测与跟踪测量的比较上，接受了正念训练的羽毛球运动员在正念、焦虑、抑郁、训练比赛满意感和和接受变量上均有显著改善;在后测与跟踪测量的比较上，抑郁、训练比赛满意感和接受变量上均有显著改善;而正念、焦虑变量上没有显著差异。结论:7周的正念训练，可以提高羽毛球运动员的正念水平、接受水平和训练比赛满意感，降低其焦虑和抑郁水平。总体而言，本研究为MAIC训练在改善羽毛球运动员的心理健康上提供了初步的支持。

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of applying the mindfulness-acceptance-insight-commitment approach (MAIC) on improving the mindfulness, acceptance and mental health of Chinese elite badminton players. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in this research. A total of 49 Chinese elite badminton players (29 males and 20 females) were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=25) or the control group (n=24). The intervention group underwent a seven-week MAIC training program, while the control group received no intervention. All psychological variables (mindfulness, acceptance, anxiety, depression, and satisfaction with daily training and competition) were assessed before as well as right after and 3 months after the intervention. Results: The two-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis revealed that comparing with the control group, the MAIC group significantly improved in the mindfulness, acceptance, as well as training and competition satisfaction. In addition, significant reduction of anxiety and depressive symptom was found in the intervention group. The post- hoc test indicated that only the intervention group had significant enhancements in all variables when comparing the difference between pre- and post-test, as well as between pre- and follow-up test. It is notable that the intervention effects for intervention group further improved in depression, training and competition satisfaction, and acceptance when comparing the difference between post- and follow-up test. However, such residual effects were not additionally enhanced in mindfulness and anxiety between post- and follow-up test. Conclusions: The MAIC mindfulness training was proven to be effective in improving the mindfulness, acceptance, and training’s and competition’s satisfaction, as well as reducing the depression symptom in the Chinese elite badminton players. The findings could contribute to future studies and applications aiming to improve mental health of Chinese badminton players.