旋覆花化学成分、药理作用研究进展及质量标志物(Q-Marker)预测分析

旋覆花为菊科植物旋覆花或欧亚旋覆花的干燥头状花序，作为中药具有降气、消痰、行水、止呕等功效，分布产地广，应用历史悠久。旋覆花成分较复杂，近年来国内外不断探索旋覆花化学成分的药理作用，发现其部分具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、保护心血管系统和中枢神经系统、调节免疫、护肝、抗衰老等作用。旋覆花开发和应用前景广阔，但2025版《中国药典》只对旋覆花的鉴别和质量控制进行外观上的规定，旋覆花药材缺少具体的质量标志物，其临床疗效和药用质量的把控存在巨大考验。基于中药质量标志物（Q-Marker）的概念，本研究严格按照Q-Marker五原则，从特有性、有效性、可测性、传递-溯源性和复方配伍相关性五个方面，对旋覆花Q-Marker进行系统性预测分析，结合CAS号和InChIKey号化合物信息完整性，最终得出结论，初步将黄酮类（红车轴草素）、酚酸类（绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、1，5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸）、倍半萜类（旋覆花内酯、伊万菊素、1-O-乙酰旋覆花内酯和大花旋覆花素）、三萜类（无羁萜醇乙酸酯和蒲公英甾醇乙酸酯）、糖苷类异槲皮苷共13种化合物，作为旋覆花的预测Q-Marker参考，以期为建立和完善旋覆花质量评价体系和临床合理运用提供依据。

Inulae Flos is the dried capitulum of the Asteraceae plant Inula helenium or Inula helenium var. euroasiatica. As a traditional Chinese medicine, it is used to regulate qi, resolve phlegm, promote diuresis and alleviate vomiting. It is widely distributed and has a long history of use. The chemical composition of Inulae Flos is complex. In recent years, ongoing research both domestically and internationally has explored the pharmacological effects of its chemical constituents, revealing that some possess anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and anti-ageing properties. The development and application prospects for Inulae Flos are vast; however, the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia only stipulates external appearance requirements for the identification and quality control of Inulae Flos. As the herbal material lacks specific quality markers, there are significant challenges in controlling its clinical efficacy and medicinal quality. Based on the concept of quality markers(Q-Markers) in traditional Chinese medicine, this study conducted a systematic predictive analysis of Q-Markers for Inulae Flos in strict accordance with the five principles of Q-Markers: specificity, efficacy, measurability, traceability, and relevance to compound formulations. By evaluating the completeness of compound information via CAS numbers and InChIKey numbers, the study concluded that flavonoids(Pratensein), phenolic acids(Chlorogenic Acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, Caffeic Acid, 1, 5-Di-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid), sesquiterpenes(Britannilactone, Ivangustin, Inulicin, Britannin), triterpenes(Epifriedelanol acetate, Taraxasteryl acetate), and glycosides(Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), totalling 13 compounds, as prospective Q-markers for Inulae Flos , with a view to providing a basis for establishing and refining a quality evaluation system for Inula helenium and for its rational clinical application.