文以載道與武以明道，民國時期文化傳承之剪影―以唐文治與孫祿堂爲例

唐文治(1865∼1954)與孫祿堂(1860∼1933)皆出生於近代中國轉型之時。轉型時期的特徵之一，是傳統文化分崩離析，備受批評，如何使中國文化不絕如縷，遂成問題。 唐文治曾出仕淸廷，後盡粹教育，曾主持交通大學及無錫國專，致力教授國文，主張文與道合。孫祿堂爲武術名家，曾擊敗外國武者，與任職於中央國術館，主張拳與道合。 本文之重點有三：一、略述唐文治與孫祿堂之生平，以顯他們面臨的文化危機，以及他們傳道的選擇―國文與拳術。二、析述唐文治教授國文的方法，探究唐文治如何通過文章見道。三、析述孫祿堂指示的練武要領，探索孫祿堂如何從拳術見道。 本文之意義在於，描述在中國近代轉型時期，唐文治與孫祿堂在中國文化將墜於地時，提出接續傳統之方法。國文與拳術，在唐文治與孫祿堂的演繹下，成爲傳道之資，載道之具。細察他們的思想，不但可以了解「道」的意義，還能得悉明道之法，對文化傳承，有著重要的啟示。

Tang Wenzhi(1865∼1954) was a famous scholar. He was a principal of JiaoTong University(交通大學) and Wuxi Guozhuan(無錫國專). Sun Lutang(1860∼1933) was a well-known master. He taught martial arts in Zhongyang Guoshuguang(中央國術館).
This paper aims at showing the interpretation of Tang Wenzhi and Sun Lutang on Confucian. Under the influx of western values, Chinese culture was criticized as the reason of China’s decline. Tang Wenzhi, who determined to succeed traditions, was in opposition. He stressed the importance of Chinese culture in teaching Chinese Literature in tertiary education. Meanwhile, Sun Lutang shared Tang’s standpoint：he demonstrated the core value of traditional culture in teaching and performing martial arts.
In responding the criticism on Chinese culture, they asserted the essence of self-cultivation in being a mankind, which was overlooked in modern society. As such, their attempts could be regarded as an example to adhere traditions in modern world.