数智化装备赋能中医望诊“广义化”发展的定性研究

目的: 探讨数智化装备赋能望诊“广义化”发展的可行案例及其意义。方法: 采用定性研究的方法，于2025年2月—2025年3月，以线上、线下相结合的方式，对中医诊断学、临床研究方法学、医工结合等领域的专家进行访谈。遵循《定性研究质量报告综合标准》，经条目富集，收集数智化装备在各部位望诊中具体应用的可行案例，以及该可行案例延伸望诊能力的意义，分析归纳数智化装备赋能望诊的整体性意义。结果: 对国内高校、研究所中医诊断学、医工结合相关领域的11名专家进行访谈，共收集78个数智化望诊可行案例，获得69条数智化装备延伸望诊能力的意义。全部意义可合并归纳为2个维度、23条整体性意义。其中，拓广望诊内容维度包含获取内环境特征、观测外环境特征、拓展热力学特征数据、跨越时间与空间4条整体性意义；提升望诊信息采集分析质量维度包含采集环境标准化、客观定量化、观测精细化等19条整体性意义。结论: 数智化装备在拓广望诊内容、实现广泛望诊信息的高质量采集分析方面具有积极意义，延伸了传统望诊的能力。

Objective: This study investigated feasible cases and their significance in promoting the “generalized” development of inspection through digital-intelligent equipment. Methods: A qualitative research approach was used, involving interviews conducted between February 2025 and March 2025 with experts in traditional Chinese medicine diagnostics, clinical research methodology, medical engineering integration, and related disciplines, using both online and offline methods. In accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research, feasible cases involving the specific application of digital equipment in various parts of observation were collected through item enrichment. The significance of extending observation capabilities via these cases was analyzed, along with the overall implications of integrating digital technologies with traditional inspection methods. Results: Interviews were completed with 11 experts from domestic universities and research institutes in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and medical engineering integration. A total of 78 feasible cases of digital-intelligent inspection were identified, along with 69 insights regarding the significance of enhancing the inspection capabilities. These insights were synthesized into two dimensions and 23 holistic meanings. The first dimension—expanding the scope of inspection—includes obtaining internal environmental characteristics, observing external environmental characteristics, expanding thermodynamic characteristic data, and crossing time and space. The second dimension—improving the quality of observation and diagnosis information collection and analysis—includes 19 specific meanings, such as standardized collection environment, objective quantification, and refined observation. Conclusion: Digital-intelligent equipment plays a significant role in expanding the scope of inspection content and achieving high-quality acquisition and analysis of extensive inspection information. These advancements extend and enrich the capabilities of traditional inspection methods in traditional Chinese medicine.