数字新闻生态下的信息失序: 对数据主义的反思

数字技术在很多方面改变了信息的创建、传播与解释方式,并"生态性地"介入当代新闻业的发展。"数据化"是数字新闻的特征之一,然而对于数据化不加反思地推崇和合理化,即数据主义的思想开始占据优势,导致在数字新闻生态中,公众、媒介与机构之间的关系被解构与重构,并衍生出信息失序等社会现象。信息失序涵盖了虚假信息、错误信息、恶意信息三大类,其涌现与新闻业的结构性转型密切相关。在去语境化、不透明的信息传播环境之中,数据来源不清,加之公众对情感和身份表达的重视,进一步推动并放大了信息失序,对公众、新闻业以及社会的影响颇深,但最严重的结果是公众对所有信息的不信任。基于对数据主义的反思,提升公众获取可验证信息的能力,同时强化政府、组织团体等主体的干预是治理信息失序的重要思路和方式。

Digital technology has changed the way of information creation, communication and interpretation in many aspects, and "ecologically" involved in the development of contemporary journalism. "Datafication" is one of the characteristics of digital journalism. However, the ideas of dataism, the advocacy and rationalization of datafication without reflection, begins to take advantage.In the digital news ecology, the relationship between the public, media and platforms was reconstructed, and information disorder as one of thesocial phenomena was derived. Information disorder covers three categories: disinformation, misinformation and malinformation, and the emergence are closely related to the structural transformation of the news industry. In the de-contextualized and opaque information environment, unclear data sources, coupled with the public’s attention to emotion and identity expression, further promote and amplify the information disorder, which has a profound impact on the public, journalism and society, but the worst result is the public’s distrust of all information. Based on the reflection on dataism, improving the public’s ability to obtain verifiable information and strengthening the intervention of government, organizations and other subjects are important ways to manage information disorder.