推拿 / 按摩療法國內外發展述評

本文通過對國內外推拿／按摩的發展歷程分析發現，該傳統療法在我國始於先秦時期，基於天人合一的整體觀思想，先後歷經起源－繁榮－爭鳴各個階段，至今形成了多種學術流派，在香港更是形成了獨立的學科。而其在國外的發展，以東南亞地區為主，既與中醫學有相似或相關之處，又因國家地域不同而各具特色，如融入了藝術化的操作手法，以及重視心靈的療愈力量等；對比歐美地區的按摩療法，主要基於解剖、生理病理等現代醫學理論，但在發展的過程中也逐漸重視追求人與自然的平衡和諧。

This study reviewed the development of Tuina/massage therapy and identified the following characteristics: 1) In China, this traditional therapy arisen from the pre-Qin period, which based on the holistic concept of the nature and human. 2) Experiencing different stages of “origin”, “prosperity” and “contention”, Tuina/massage has formed a variety of academic schools, such as “Massage for Bone Orthopedics”, an independent discipline in Hong Kong. 3) In Southeast Asia (e.g., Thailand, Korea, Japan, India), massage therapies have their own characteristics according to different cultures, including the development of artistic operation techniques and emphasis on spiritual healing. 4) In European and the United States, massage therapy mainly based on the western medicine of anatomy, physiology, and pathology, but they also gradually pay an increasing attention to the balance and harmony among nature and human.