批判基础设施视角下的跨境水政治

跨境水政治是政治地理学的重要研究内容，也是理解国际关系、推动全球合作治理的重要抓手。既有跨境水政治研究多在现实主义与制度主义视角下开展，将国际河流视为被争夺的稀缺资源。然而，国际河流不仅是可用于灌溉、饮用的自然资源，也是跨境航道、国家边界、水电站等基础设施不可或缺的一部分。这种基础设施属性如何影响跨境水治理中的多元主体互动和社会-自然相互塑造过程尚未得到充分关注。本文在政治生态学对国际河流治理批判性探索的基础上，引入批判基础设施研究视角，重新审视国际河流的辩证性和关系性特征。该视角下，国际河流是为实现特定目的而不断变化的物质形态，而且这种物质形态在基础设施建造、维护和修复的过程中反复被生产，并反过来重塑特定的表征、想象、空间结构、制度安排、生活体验与实践等。这种新视角有助于更全面地刻画国际河流的物质性、空间性和象征意义，加深对跨境水政治中复杂权力关系和社会文化重构的理解。

Transboundary hydropolitics is a significant field of study within political geography and serves as a crucial mechanism for understanding international relations and promoting global cooperative governance. Existing research in transboundary hydropolitics often unfolds within the realms of realism and institutionalism, perceiving international rivers as scarce resources subject to contention. However, international rivers are not merely natural resources used for irrigation and drinking; they are also integral to transboundary navigation routes, national boundaries, hydropower stations, and other infrastructures. The influence of this infrastructural aspect on the interactions among multiple actors in transboundary water governance and the co-shaping process of society and nature has not received adequate attention. Building on the critical exploration of international river governance from a political ecology perspective, this paper introduces the lens of transboundary infrastructure studies to reexamine the dialectical and relational characteristics of international rivers. Under this view, international rivers are perceived as material forms that continually evolve to serve specific purposes. This material form is repeatedly produced through the processes of construction, maintenance, and repair, and in turn, reshapes specific representations, imaginations, spatial structures, institutional arrangements, life experiences, and practices. This critical infrastructural perspective offers a more comprehensive portrayal of the materiality, spatiality, and symbolic significance of international rivers, deepening our understanding of the complex power relations and socio-cultural reconstructions in transboundary hydropolitics.