戴遂良《漢語入門》中的高程度副詞研究

本文以晚清法國耶穌會士戴遂良所著的《漢語入門》為對象，系統考察了書中收錄的16個高程度副詞的語法意義、句法功能及歷史源流等。作為晚清河北河間府方言的珍貴記錄，《漢語入門》不僅對漢語史研究有著極高的價值，其副詞系統更為觀測語言演變提供了獨特的窗口。研究發現，這些副詞絕大多數源自近代漢語，且在《入門》中的表現也都延續到了現代漢語之中。它們在共時層面呈現出一定的功能表現和個性特點，在歷時層面則展現出持續發展乃至虛化的動態趨勢。本研究不僅勾勒出晚清河間府方言高程度副詞的整體面貌，也從側面展現了近代漢語向現代漢語過渡演變的具體體現。

This paper takes Rudiments de Parlé chinois, authored by the late-Qing French Jesuit Léon Wieger, as its object of study and systematically examines the grammatical meanings, syntactic functions, and historical provenance of the 16 high-degree adverbs included in the book. As a valuable record of the late-Qing Hebei dialect, An Introduction to Chinese not only holds great value for research on the history of Chinese, but its adverbial system also provides a unique window for observing language change. Findings indicate that the vast majority of these adverbs originate in Early Modern Chinese, and their instantiations in Rudiments de Parlé chinois have all persisted into Modern Chinese. Synchronically, they exhibit distinct functional profiles and individual characteristics, while diachronically they display a dynamic trend of continuous development and even semantic bleaching. This study not only outlines the overall profile of high-degree adverbs in the Hejian Prefecture dialect of the late Qing, but also indirectly illuminates concrete manifestations of the transition from Early Modern Chinese to Modern Chinese.