我国对苯二胺类抗氧化剂及其衍生醌类化合物污染现状及健康风险研究进展

对苯二胺类物质（PPDs）通常被用作橡胶工业中的抗氧化剂，以延长橡胶产品（如轮胎）的使用寿命。 PPDs的醌类转化产物（PPDQs）近来被视为一类新兴的污染物，因其对一系列水生生物的急性致死毒性而引起广泛关注。 PPDs及PPDQs在环境中普遍存在，并可通过多种暴露途径进入人体而对健康造成潜在威胁。本文回顾了目前关于PPDs和PPDQs的来源、浓度和分布的报道，比较不同人群通过各种途径的对PPDs和PPDQs的暴露水平及评估其潜在的健康风险。研究发现，温度、光照、臭氧水平及水文条件等因素影响各环境介质中的PPDs和PPDQs的浓度和分布。此外，人们也普遍暴露于多种PPDs及PPDQs，且PPDQs的内暴露水平比其母体化合物更为严重。现有的流行病学证据表明PPDs和PPDQs可能对人类健康产生不利影响，干扰肝脏和免疫功能，但其毒理学机制尚不清楚。迫切需要开展更多研究以全面了解PPDs和PPDQs对环境和人类健康的影响。

p-Phenylenediamines（PPDs） are widely used as antioxidants in the rubber industry to extend the service life of rubber products, such as tires. Their quinone derivatives（PPDQs） have recently garnered significant attention as emerging pollutants due to the acute lethal toxicity to various aquatic organisms. PPDs and PPDQs are ubiquitous in the environment and can enter the human body through various pathways, potentially posing adverse effects on human health. This article provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the sources, concentrations, and distributions of PPDs and PPDQs in the environment.Additionally,the exposure levels of PPDs and PPDQs among different populations through various pathways and their potential health risks are evaluated.The study results indicate that the concentrations and distributions of PPDs and PPDQs in the environment are influenced by numerous factors,such as temperature,light,ozone,and hydrological conditions.It is evident that people are commonly exposed to various PPDs and PPDQs,with higher internal exposure levels observed for PPDQs compared to their parent compounds.Existing epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to PPDs and PPDQs may have adverse effects on human health,potentially disrupting liver and immune functions,whereas the toxicological mechanisms remain unclear.Further research is urgently needed to comprehensively understand the environmental and health impacts of PPDs and PPDQs.