循证泌尿外科学方法——证据的分类与检索

证据是循证医学的核心要素，其分类多样、来源广泛，大多以学术期刊为载体，收录于PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网等各类数据库或网站平台，载体繁多且数量庞大，给科研工作者查阅文献、阅读文献带来了较大的负担，泌尿外科领域循证证据更是如此。本文从分析泌尿外科领域常见临床问题特征入手，介绍了其筛选的4项标准、2类结构化模板，阐明了4种证据分类方法的含义、类别、标识及其方法应用的3项要求，并以生产证据和使用证据为目的的检索思路分别讲解了检索资源的选择、检索策略的构建、检索过程实现的具体操作步骤及其注意事项，另结合人工智能技术，明确了循证泌尿外科领域证据分类和检索的未来发展动向，为进一步推动循证泌尿外科学的发展提供参考依据。

Evidence is a core element of evidence-based medicine, with diverse classifications and extensive sources. Most of it is based on journals and is commonly found in databases or websites such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. The number of literatures is countless, which also puts enormous pressure on researchers to consult and read literature. The field of urology is no exception. This article started with analyzing the characteristics of common clinical questions in the field, introduced the four criteria for their screening and two types of structured templates, clarified the definition, categories, identification, and three requirements for the application of the four evidence classification methods, and explained the selection of retrieval resources, construction of retrieval strategies, specific operational steps, and precautions for the retrieval process to develop and use evidence. In addition, combined with artificial intelligence technology, the future development trend of evidence classification and retrieval in the field of evidence-based urology has been clarified, which provided reference for further promoting the development of evidence-based urology.