年岁自觉、叹老和喜老：清代女性老年史初探

清代人口屡见高峰，形成帝制时期最庞大的老年群体。当中无论是男性还是女性，均有不少对自身的衰老过程相当敏感，因而尽情以文字倾吐。这些作品蘊含社会、家庭和个人的许多信息并大量地保存于卷帙浩繁的诗文集里，为史家提供研究清代老年人心态的直接材料。本文利用该等自述文字中的女性声音，探讨清代女性的年岁自觉性及对步入暮年之正面与负面解读，作为构建清代女性老年史之若干准备。此外，也强调同时运用“性别”和“年龄”两种镜子，将能为历史研究引发新的视野。

The Qing dynasty hosted the largest elderly population that had ever existed in imperial China. During this period, many elderly writers, both men and women, produced an impressive quantity of age-associated self-narratives covering a broad range of social, familial, and personal issues. These writings offer historians a substantial body of first-person accounts pertaining to aging in this era. By utilizing women-authored narratives, this paper explores Qing women’s awareness of their aging process and their interpretations of the positive and negative aspects of aging. It is expected that such discussions will contribute to shaping a general history of old age for women in Qing China. Additionally, the paper argues that the interactive uses of the “gender” and “age” lenses will bring new insights to historical studies.