學術走向與創作選擇 ———姚鼐棄詞不作與乾嘉年間的詞學觀念

清代著名學者姚鼐號稱不寫詞，在清代乾隆以後，已經成爲一個話題，受到學界的關注。考察其原因，是由於乾嘉年間的詞體創作非常繁榮，乾嘉年間的詞學觀念更加成熟，從清初發展而來的詞學復興之勢進一步得到加强，詞作爲專門之學的意識更加深入人心。同時，乾嘉學人大多强調學有專精，不提倡面面俱到，而姚鼐受桐城家法的影響，在文學創作上也懂得有所不爲。從學術淵源看，姚鼐受王士禛等的影響，對詩詞辨體之説也有自己的認識。所以，他之不寫詞，主要原因並不是由於鄙視詞，而是由於對詞有了更進一步的認識。從這種認識中，某種程度也能看出清代詞學的發展。
The distinguished scholar Yao Nai’s claiming of non-writing of ci poetry became an interesting topic in the scholarship after Qianlong period. Observing the phenomenon,we can find that the writings of ci poetry in Qianlong and Jiaqing periods are quite flourishing with mature writing conceptions. The tendency of ci’s revival has been more powerful since the beginning of Qing dynasty and the idea of ci poetry being a specialized study has been deepened. Meanwhile, the Qianlong and Jiaqing scholars valued doing expertise research rather than all-rounded study. Influenced by the Tongcheng School specification,Yao Nai also understood to make a choice among literary writings. What’s more,inspired by Wang Shizhen’s theory of formal poetic distinctions,Yao Nai also formed his own idea on different literary genres. Therefore,his non-writing of ci poetry lies in his deeper understanding of ci poetry rather than his despise of it. From Yao Nai,we can in some extent clarify the development of ci poetry in Qing dynasty.