基于空间组学-临床影像技术的肿瘤精准诊断

作为全球公共卫生事件，恶性肿瘤严重影响人类健康、寿命和生活质量。肿瘤的发生发展经历了极其复杂的过程，表现出高度的时空异质性，影响其转移和耐药。为探寻这种异质性，多种临床影像技术和空间组学技术得以飞速发展。其中，临床影像技术准确率高但无法提供高通量的生物分子信息。空间组学技术可以获得标本的多种生物学特征，包括基因、蛋白和代谢等，但无法提供在体信息。将临床影像和空间组学技术相结合，可以优势互补，在临床和基础科学研究中具有较大应用前景，对于精确解析肿瘤的时空异质性和鉴别肿瘤分子分型、开展肿瘤精准诊断和发展进程预测等研究具有重要的推进作用。本文对该技术方法和特征进行了评述并展望了其发展趋势。

As a global public health event, the emergence of malignant tumors seriously affects human health,longevity and quality of life. The occurrence and development of tumors undergo extremely complex processes,showing high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in multiple bio-information and disease progression. These features affect tumor metastasis and drug resistance. In order to explore tumor heterogeneity, a variety of clinical imaging techniques and spatial omics techniques have been rapidly developed. Tumor characteristics are accurately evaluated by using the conventional clinical imaging technique with a non-invasive advantage.However, it is difficult to obtain accurate tumor staging and more molecular information using clinical imaging techniques. Spatial omics technology can be used to determine a variety of cell types, spatial and temporal distribution, molecular typing, and molecular interaction networks, thereby obtaining the accurate panoramic spectrum in tumor biology. Although spatial omics technique can detect a variety of molecules and their interactions, such as genes, proteins, and metabolites, as well as the interactions between gene-gene,protein-protein, metabolite-metabolite, gene-protein, gene-metabolite, and protein-metabolite, it can’t provide in vivo information. The combination of clinical imaging and spatial omics technology can complement advantages and has great application prospects in clinical and basic scientific research. The novel fusion technique plays an important role in promoting the accurate analysis of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of tumors, the identification of molecular typing, and the accurate diagnosis and prediction of tumor progression. Herein, we summarize the strategies and characteristics of this novel fusion technique in the accurate diagnose of tumors and also prospect for future development.