儒家觀念「仁」在竺法護佛經漢譯中的使用與影響研究

This paper explores the use of the Confucian term Ren仁 in the translation of Buddhist
scriptures by Dharmarakṣa, a contributing translator of Buddhist scriptures during the Western Jin Dynasty. During his time, the translation of Buddhist scriptures was still at a preliminary stage of development. In this process, a method of translating Buddhist scriptures called “Geyi 格 義” was popularly used among translators. Generally speaking, Geyi occurred when Daoist terminology was “borrowed” from Buddhist scriptures translations. During the Wei-Jin period, Xuanxue was prevalent, hence rendering Daoist term for the purpose of Geyi would enable Buddhism to be better integrated into the local Chinese culture. Against this background, the extensive use of Ren by the translators of the Wei and Jin dynasties, represented by Dharmarakṣa, is remarkable and worthy of study. “Ren仁” is a Chinese character deeply related to Confucianism thought, therefore, it is worthwhile to study whether the appearance of the character Ren in the Buddhist scriptures indicates that it is a phenomenon of Geyi that occurs between Confucianism and Buddhism. After study, it is found that the interaction between Confucianism and Buddhism reflected in the use of Ren is only a minority, and that it is more of a reflection of linguistic change happened in middle-aged Chinese. Moreover, through this study, the interaction between Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism during the Wei and Jin dynasties is also observed, and the consequent profound significance for Chinese philosophical thought.